Variance Replicate Estimate tables include estimates, margins of error, and 80 variance replicates for selected American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year Detailed Tables. The tables are intended for advanced users who are adding ACS data within a table or between geographies. Users can calculate margins of error for aggregated data by using the variance replicates. Unlike available approximation formulas, this method results in an exact margin of error by using the covariance term.

Data, documentation, and table shells are provided below for each year.

Note: Users should be aware that issues may arise when opening large files in Excel due to the file exceeding the row limit (1,048,576 in current versions), causing Excel to truncate the data. Not all files will have this issue. Data users may need to use other programs to examine the Variance Replicate Estimates in some of these large files.

2023

2019-2023 ACS 5-year Estimates

5-year Variance Replicate Estimate Tables

Technical Documentation

Contains worked examples and instructions to calculate margins of error for aggregated estimates, percentages, and ratios

Table and Geography List

Contains a list of tables and types of geographic areas that have variance replicate estimates

Table Shells and FIPS Codes

For all geographies except the tract and block group level, variance replicate estimate tables are named using the table ID. The tract and block group files are named by table ID + State FIPS code. All published ACS table IDs and table layouts may be found in the Table Shells. The 2-digit FIPS state code and the state name that corresponds to it may be found in the ANSI Codes for States.