[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 8 (Monday, January 13, 2020)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 1751-1757]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-28019]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 19
[FRL-10003-77-OECA]
Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is promulgating this
final rule to adjust the level of the maximum (and minimum) statutory
civil monetary penalty amounts under the statutes the EPA administers.
This action is mandated by the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation
Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended through the Federal Civil Penalties
Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (``the 2015 Act'').
The 2015 Act prescribes a formula for annually adjusting the statutory
maximum (and minimum) amount of civil penalties to reflect inflation,
maintain the deterrent effect of statutory civil penalties, and promote
compliance with the law. The rule does not necessarily revise the
penalty amounts that the EPA chooses to seek pursuant to its civil
penalty policies in a particular case. The EPA's civil penalty
policies, which guide enforcement personnel on how to exercise the
EPA's statutory penalty authorities, take into account a number of
fact-specific considerations, e.g., the seriousness of the violation,
the violator's good faith efforts to comply, any economic benefit
gained by the violator as a result of its noncompliance, and a
violator's ability to pay.
DATES: This final rule is effective January 13, 2020.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Smith-Watts, Office of Civil
Enforcement, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Mail Code
2241A, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20460, telephone number: (202) 564-4083; [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
Since 1996, Federal agencies have been required to issue
regulations adjusting for inflation the statutory civil penalties \1\
that can be imposed under
[[Page 1752]]
the laws administered by that agency. The Federal Civil Penalties
Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, as amended by the Debt Collection
Improvement Act of 1996 (DCIA), required agencies to review their
statutory civil penalties every 4 years, and to adjust the statutory
civil penalty amounts for inflation if the increase met the DCIA's
adjustment methodology. In accordance with the DCIA, the EPA reviewed
and, as appropriate, adjusted the civil penalty levels under each of
the statutes the agency implements in 1996 (61 FR 69360), 2004 (69 FR
7121), 2008 (73 FR 75340), and 2013 (78 FR 66643).
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\1\ The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of
1990, Public Law 101-410, 28 U.S.C. 2461 note, defines ``civil
monetary penalty'' as any penalty, fine, or other sanction that--
(1)(i) is for a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal law;
or (ii) has a maximum amount provided for by Federal law; and (2) is
assessed or enforced by an agency pursuant to Federal law; and (3)
is assessed or enforced pursuant to an administrative proceeding or
a civil action in the Federal courts.
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The 2015 Act \2\ required each Federal agency to adjust the level
of statutory civil penalties under the laws implemented by that agency
with an initial ``catch-up'' adjustment through an interim final
rulemaking. The 2015 Act also required Federal agencies, beginning on
January 15, 2017, to make subsequent annual adjustments for inflation.
Section 4 of the 2015 Act requires each Federal agency to publish these
annual adjustments by January 15 of each year. The purpose of the 2015
Act is to maintain the deterrent effect of civil penalties by
translating originally enacted statutory civil penalty amounts to
today's dollars and rounding statutory civil penalties to the nearest
dollar.
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\2\ The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act
Improvements Act of 2015 (Section 701 of Pub. L. 114-74) was signed
into law on Nov. 2, 2015, and further amended the Federal Civil
Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990.
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As required by the 2015 Act, the EPA issued a catch-up rule on July
1, 2016, which was effective August 1, 2016 (81 FR 43091). The EPA made
its first annual adjustment on January 12, 2017, which was effective on
January 15, 2017 (82 FR 3633). The EPA made its second annual
adjustment on January 10, 2018, which was effective on January 15, 2018
(83 FR 1190). The EPA made its third annual adjustment on February 6,
2019 (84 FR 2056) and issued a subsequent correction on February 25,
2019 (84 FR 5955). This rule implements the fourth annual adjustment
mandated by the 2015 Act.
The 2015 Act provides a formula for calculating the adjustments.
Each statutory maximum and minimum \3\ civil monetary penalty as
currently adjusted is multiplied by the cost-of-living adjustment
multiplier, which is the percentage by which the Consumer Price Index
for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the month of October 2019 exceeds
the CPI-U for the month of October 2018.\4\
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\3\ Under Section 3(2)(A) of the 2015 Act, ``civil monetary
penalty'' means ``a specific monetary amount as provided by Federal
law''; or ``has a maximum amount provided for by Federal law.'' EPA-
administered statutes generally refer to statutory maximum
penalties, with the following exceptions: Section 311(b)(7)(D) of
the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D), refers to a minimum
penalty of ``not less than $100,000 . . .''; Section 104B(d)(1) of
the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, 33 U.S.C.
1414b(d)(1), refers to an exact penalty of $600 ``[f]or each dry ton
(or equivalent) of sewage sludge or industrial waste dumped or
transported by the person in violation of this subsection in
calendar year 1992 . . .''; and Section 325(d)(1) of the Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1),
refers to an exact civil penalty of $25,000 for each frivolous trade
secret claim.
\4\ Current and historical CPI-U's can be found on the Bureau of
Labor Statistics' website here: https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/supplemental-files/historical-cpi-u-201910.pdf.
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With this rule, the new statutory maximum and minimum penalty
levels listed in the third column of Table 1 of 40 CFR 19.4 will apply
to all civil penalties assessed on or after January 13, 2020, for
violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, the date the 2015 Act
was enacted. The former maximum and minimum statutory civil penalty
levels, which are in the fourth column of Table 1 to 40 CFR 19.4, will
now apply only to violations that occurred after November 2, 2015,
where the penalties were assessed on or after February 6, 2019, but
before January 13, 2020. The statutory civil penalty levels that apply
to violations that occurred on or before November 2, 2015, are codified
at Table 2 to 40 CFR 19.4.\5\ The fifth column of Table 1 and the
seventh column of Table 2 display the statutory civil penalty levels as
originally enacted.
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\5\ With this rule, for ease of reference, the order of the
Tables and the columns within each Table are now presented in
reverse chronological order.
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The formula for determining the cost-of-living or inflation
adjustment to statutory civil penalties consists of the following
steps:
Step 1: The cost-of-living adjustment multiplier for 2020 is the
percentage by which the CPI-U of October 2019 (257.346) exceeds the
CPI-U for the month of October 2018 (252.885), which is 1.01764.\6\
Multiply 1.01764 by the current penalty amount. This is the raw
adjusted penalty value.
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\6\ Section 5(b) of the 2015 Act provides that the term ``cost-
of-living adjustment'' means the percentage (if any) for each civil
monetary penalty by which--
(1) the Consumer Price Index for the month of October preceding
the date of the adjustment, exceeds
(2) the Consumer Price Index for the month of October 1 year
before the month of October referred to in paragraph (2).
Because the CPI-U for October 2019 is 257.346 and the CPI-U for
October 2018 is 252.885, the cost-of-living multiplier is 1.01764
(257.346 divided by 252.885).
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Step 2: Round the raw adjusted penalty value. Section 5 of the 2015
Act states that any adjustment shall be rounded to the nearest multiple
of $1. The result is the final penalty value for the year.
II. The 2015 Act Requires Federal Agencies To Publish Annual Penalty
Inflation Adjustments Notwithstanding Section 553 of the Administrative
Procedures Act
Pursuant to section 4 of the 2015 Act, each Federal agency is
required to publish annual adjustments no later than January 15 each
year. In accordance with section 553 of the Administrative Procedures
Act (APA), most rules are subject to notice and comment and are
effective no earlier than 30 days after publication in the Federal
Register. However, Section 4(b)(2) of the 2015 Act provides that each
agency shall make the annual inflation adjustments ``notwithstanding
section 553'' of the APA. Consistent with the language of the 2015 Act,
this rule is not subject to notice and an opportunity for public
comment and will be effective on January 13, 2020.
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Additional information about these statutes and Executive orders
can be found at https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant regulatory action and was
therefore not submitted to OMB for review.
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
This action is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action
because this action is not significant under Executive Order 12866.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
This action does not impose an information collection burden under
the PRA. This rule merely increases the level of statutory civil
penalties that can be imposed in the context of a Federal civil
administrative enforcement action or civil judicial case for violations
of EPA-administered statutes and their implementing regulations.
[[Page 1753]]
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
This action is not subject to the RFA. The RFA applies only to
rules subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the
APA, 5 U.S.C. 553, or any other statute. Because the 2015 Act directs
Federal agencies to publish this rule notwithstanding section 553 of
the APA, this rule is not subject to notice and comment requirements or
the RFA.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. This action is required by the 2015 Act, without the
exercise of any policy discretion by the EPA. This action also imposes
no enforceable duty on any state, local or tribal governments or the
private sector. Because the calculation of any increase is formula-
driven pursuant to the 2015 Act, the EPA has no policy discretion to
vary the amount of the adjustment.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have
a substantial direct effect on the states, on the relationship between
the National Government and the states, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This action does not have tribal implications as specified in
Executive Order 13175.
This rule merely reconciles the real value of current statutory
civil penalty levels to reflect and keep pace with the levels
originally set by Congress when the statutes were enacted. The
calculation of the increases is formula-driven and prescribed by
statute, and the EPA has no discretion to vary the amount of the
adjustment to reflect any views or suggestions provided by commenters.
Accordingly, this rule will not have a substantial direct effect on
tribal governments, on the relationship between the Federal Government
and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.
Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in
section 2-202 of the Executive order. This action is not subject to
Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental
health risk or safety risk.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211, because it is
not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
The rulemaking does not involve technical standards.
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
The EPA believes that this action is not subject to Executive Order
12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) because it does not establish an
environmental health or safety standard. Rather, this action is
mandated by the 2015 Act, which prescribes a formula for adjusting
statutory civil penalties on an annual basis to reflect inflation.
L. Congressional Review Act (CRA)
This action is subject to the CRA, and the EPA will submit a rule
report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of
the United States. The CRA allows the issuing agency to make a rule
effective sooner than otherwise provided by the CRA if the agency makes
a good cause finding that notice and comment rulemaking procedures are
impracticable, unnecessary or contrary to the public interest (5 U.S.C.
808(2)). The EPA finds that the APA's notice and comment rulemaking
procedures are unnecessary because the 2015 Act directs Federal
agencies to publish their annual penalty inflation adjustments
``notwithstanding section 553 [of the APA].''
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 19
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Penalties.
Dated: December 19, 2019.
Andrew R. Wheeler,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, the EPA amends title 40,
chapter I, part 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows:
PART 19--ADJUSTMENT OF CIVIL MONETARY PENALTIES FOR INFLATION
0
1. The authority citation for part 19 continues to read as follows:
Authority: Pub. L. 101-410, Oct. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 890, as
amended by Pub. L. 104-134, title III, sec. 31001(s)(1), Apr. 26,
1996, 110 Stat. 1321-373; Pub. L. 105-362, title XIII, sec. 1301(a),
Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293; Pub. L. 114-74, title VII, sec.
701(b), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 599.
0
2. Revise Sec. 19.2 to read as follows:
Sec. 19.2 Effective date.
(a) The statutory civil penalty levels set forth in the third
column of Table 1 of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which occur or
occurred after November 2, 2015, where the penalties are assessed on or
after January 13, 2020. The statutory civil penalty levels set forth in
the fourth column of Table 1 of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations
which occurred after November 2, 2015, where the penalties were
assessed on or after February 6, 2019 but before January 13, 2020.
(b) The statutory penalty levels in the third column of Table 2 to
Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after December 6,
2013 through November 2, 2015, and to violations occurring after
November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.
The statutory civil penalty levels set forth in the fourth column of
Table 2 of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after
January 12, 2009 through December 6, 2013. The statutory civil penalty
levels set forth in the fifth column of Table 2 of Sec. 19.4 apply to
all violations which occurred after March 15, 2004 through January 12,
2009. The statutory civil penalty levels set forth in the sixth column
of Table 2 of Sec. 19.4 apply to all violations which occurred after
January 30, 1997 through March 15, 2004.
0
3. Revise Sec. 19.4 to read as follows:
Sec. 19.4 Statutory civil penalties, as adjusted for inflation, and
tables.
Table 1 of this section sets out the statutory civil penalty
provisions of statutes administered by the EPA, with the third column
setting out the latest operative statutory civil penalty levels for
violations that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where
penalties
[[Page 1754]]
are assessed on or after January 13, 2020. The fourth column displays
the operative statutory civil penalty levels where penalties were
assessed on or after February 6, 2019, but before January 13, 2020.
Table 2 of this section sets out the statutory civil penalty provision
of statutes administered by the EPA, with the operative statutory civil
penalty levels, as adjusted for inflation, for violations that occurred
on or before November 2, 2015, and for violations that occurred after
November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.
Table 1 of Sec. 19.4--Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments
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Statutory civil
Statutory civil penalties for
penalties for violations that
violations that occurred after November
U.S. Code citation Environmental statute occurred after November 2, 2015, where Statutory civil
2, 2015, where penalties were assessed penalties, as enacted
penalties are assessed on or after February 6,
on or after January 13, 2019 but before January
2020 13, 2020
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7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1)......................... FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, $20,288 $19,936 $5,000
AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA).
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) \1\..................... FIFRA.......................... 2,976/1,917/2,976 2,924/1,884/2,924 1,000/500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)........................ TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 40,576 39,873 25,000
(TSCA).
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)........................... TSCA........................... 11,665 11,463 5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)........................... TSCA........................... 9,639 9,472 5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)........................ PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES 11,665 11,463 5,000
ACT (PFCRA).
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)........................ PFCRA.......................... 11,665 11,463 5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)........................... CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA).......... 55,800 54,833 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)..................... CWA............................ 22,320/55,800 21,933/54,833 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)..................... CWA............................ 22,320/278,995 21,933/274,159 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i).................. CWA............................ 19,277/48,192 18,943/47,357 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii)................. CWA............................ 19,277/240,960 18,943/236,783 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)..................... CWA............................ 48,192/1,928 47,357/1,895 25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)..................... CWA............................ 48,192 47,357 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)..................... CWA............................ 48,192 47,357 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)..................... CWA............................ 192,768/5,783 189,427/5,683 100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1)....................... MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, 1,284 1,262 600
AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA).
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)........................... MPRSA.......................... 202,878/267,621 199,361/262,982 50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A))..... CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP 14,791/36,975 14,535/36,334 10,000/25,000
OPERATIONS (CACSO).
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B))..... CACSO.......................... 14,791/184,874 14,535/181,669 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1))........ CACSO.......................... 36,975 36,334 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1)........................ ACT TO PREVENT POLLUTION FROM 75,867 74,552 25,000
SHIPS (APPS).
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(2)........................ APPS........................... 15,173 14,910 5,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b)......................... SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA). 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A)................... SDWA........................... 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B)................... SDWA........................... 11,665/40,640 11,463/39,936 5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C)................... SDWA........................... 40,640 39,936 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1)...................... SDWA........................... 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1)...................... SDWA........................... 23,331/291,641 22,927/286,586 10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2)...................... SDWA........................... 11,665/291,641 11,463/286,586 5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c)......................... SDWA........................... 20,288/43,280 19,936/42,530 5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)........................... SDWA........................... 24,386 23,963 15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c)......................... SDWA........................... 141,943/1,419,442 139,483/1,394,837 100,000/1,000,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)........................ SDWA........................... 10,143 9,967 2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c)......................... SDWA........................... 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2)...................... SDWA........................... 40,640 39,936 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)........................ SDWA........................... 10,705/107,050 10,519/105,194 5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)....................... RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT 18,149 17,834 10,000
HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992.
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)........................ NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972...... 38,352 37,687 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)........................ RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND 101,439 99,681 25,000
RECOVERY ACT (RCRA).
[[Page 1755]]
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)........................... RCRA........................... 61,098 60,039 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)........................... RCRA........................... 75,867 74,552 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)........................ RCRA........................... 61,098 60,039 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)........................... RCRA........................... 15,173 14,910 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)........................... RCRA........................... 15,173 14,910 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)....................... RCRA........................... 61,098 60,039 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)....................... RCRA........................... 24,441 24,017 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)....................... RCRA........................... 24,441 24,017 10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)........................... CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)............ 101,439 99,681 25,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)........................ CAA............................ 48,192/385,535 47,357/378,852 25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)........................ CAA............................ 9,639 9,472 5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a)........................... CAA............................ 48,192/4,819 47,357/4,735 25,000/2,500
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)........................ CAA............................ 385,535 378,852 200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)........................ CAA............................ 48,192 47,357 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)..................... COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL 58,328 57,317 25,000
RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND
LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA).
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)........................ CERCLA......................... 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)........................ CERCLA......................... 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)........................... CERCLA......................... 58,328/174,985 57,317/171,952 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)........................... CERCLA......................... 58,328/174,985 57,317/171,952 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a).......................... EMERGENCY PLANNING AND 58,328 57,317 25,000
COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
(EPCRA).
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A).................... EPCRA.......................... 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)....................... EPCRA.......................... 58,328/174,985 57,317/171,952 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)....................... EPCRA.......................... 58,328/174,985 57,317/171,952 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)....................... EPCRA.......................... 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)....................... EPCRA.......................... 23,331 22,927 10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)....................... EPCRA.......................... 58,328 57,317 25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)....................... MERCURY-CONTAINING AND 16,258 15,976 10,000
RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT).
42 U.S.C. 14304(g).......................... BATTERY ACT.................... 16,258 15,976 10,000
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\1\ Note that 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory
maximum civil penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L. 95-396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92-516).
Table 2 of Sec. 19.4--Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments
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Statutory
civil
penalties for Statutory Statutory Statutory
violations civil civil civil
after December penalties for penalties for penalties for Statutory
6, 2013 violations violations violations civil
U.S. Code citation Environmental statute through after January after March after January penalties, as
November 2, 12, 2009 15, 2004 30, 1997 enacted
2015, or through through through March
assessed December 6, January 12, 15, 2004
before August 2013 2009
1, 2016
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7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(1)....................... FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, $7,500 $7,500 $6,500 $5,500 $5,000
FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE
ACT (FIFRA).
7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2)....................... FIFRA....................... 750/1,100 750/1,100 650/1,100 550/1,000 500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1)...................... TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
(TSCA).
15 U.S.C. 2647(a)......................... TSCA........................ 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g)......................... TSCA........................ 7,500 7,500 5,500 5,000 5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1)...................... PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
ACT (PFCRA).
[[Page 1756]]
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2)...................... PFCRA....................... 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d)......................... CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)....... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)................... CWA......................... 16,000/37,500 16,000/37,500 11,000/32,500 11,000/27,500 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)................... CWA......................... 16,000/187,500 16,000/177,500 11,000/157,500 11,000/137,500 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i)................ CWA......................... 16,000/37,500 16,000/37,500 11,000/32,500 11,000/27,500 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii)............... CWA......................... 16,000/187,500 16,000/177,500 11,000/157,500 11,000/137,500 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A)................... CWA......................... 37,500/2,100 37,500/1,100 32,500/1,100 27,500/1,100 25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B)................... CWA......................... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C)................... CWA......................... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D)................... CWA......................... 150,000/5,300 140,000/4,300 130,000/4,300 110,000/3,300 100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1) \1\................. MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, 860 860 760 660 600
AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA).
33 U.S.C. 1415(a)......................... MPRSA....................... 75,000/187,500 70,000/177,500 65,000/157,500 55,000/137,500 50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A))... CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP 11,000/27,500 11,000/27,500 10,000/25,000 10,000/\2\ 10,000/25,000
OPERATIONS (CACSO). 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B))... CACSO....................... 11,000/147,500 11,000/137,500 10,000/125,000 10,000/125,000 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1))...... CACSO....................... 27,500 27,500 25,000 25,000 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(b)....................... SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
(SDWA).
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(A)................. SDWA........................ 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(B)................. SDWA........................ 7,000/32,500 7,000/32,500 6,000/27,500 5,000/25,000 5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g-3(g)(3)(C)................. SDWA........................ 32,500 32,500 27,500 25,000 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(b)(1).................... SDWA........................ 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(1).................... SDWA........................ 16,000/187,500 16,000/177,500 11,000/157,500 11,000/137,500 10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-2(c)(2).................... SDWA........................ 7,500/187,500 7,500/177,500 6,500/157,500 5,500/137,500 5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h-3(c)....................... SDWA........................ 7,500/16,000 7,500/16,000 6,500/11,000 5,500/11,000 5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b)......................... SDWA........................ 21,500 16,500 16,500 15,000 15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c)....................... SDWA........................ 120,000/ 110,000/ 100,000/ 22,000/\3\ 20,000/50,000
1,150,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 55,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2)...................... SDWA........................ 3,750 3,750 2,750 2,750 2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j-4(c)....................... SDWA........................ 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-6(b)(2).................... SDWA........................ 32,500 32,500 27,500 25,000 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j-23(d)...................... SDWA........................ 7,500/75,000 7,500/70,000 6,500/65,000 5,500/55,000 5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5)..................... RESIDENTIAL LEAD-BASED PAINT 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF
1992.
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2)...................... NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972... 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3)...................... RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
RECOVERY ACT (RCRA).
42 U.S.C. 6928(c)......................... RCRA........................ 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g)......................... RCRA........................ 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2)...................... RCRA........................ 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e)......................... RCRA........................ 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b)......................... RCRA........................ 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3)..................... RCRA........................ 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1)..................... RCRA........................ 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2)..................... RCRA........................ 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b)......................... CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)......... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1)...................... CAA......................... 37,500/320,000 37,500/295,000 32,500/270,000 27,500/220,000 25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3)...................... CAA......................... 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
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42 U.S.C. 7524(a)......................... CAA......................... 3,750/37,500 3,750/37,500 2,750/32,500 2,750/27,500 2,500/25,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1)...................... CAA......................... 320,000 295,000 270,000 220,000 200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1)...................... CAA......................... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B)................... COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND
LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA).
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1)...................... CERCLA...................... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1)...................... CERCLA...................... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b)......................... CERCLA...................... 37,500/117,500 37,500/107,500 32,500/97,500 27,500/82,500 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c)......................... CERCLA...................... 37,500/117,500 37,500/107,500 32,500/97,500 27,500/82,500 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a)........................ EMERGENCY PLANNING AND 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
(EPCRA).
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A) \4\.............. EPCRA....................... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2)..................... EPCRA....................... 37,500/117,500 37,500/107,500 32,500/97,500 27,500/82,500 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3)..................... EPCRA....................... 37,500/117,500 37,500/107,500 32,500/97,500 27,500/82,500 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1)..................... EPCRA....................... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2)..................... EPCRA....................... 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1)..................... EPCRA....................... 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1)..................... MERCURY-CONTAINING AND 16,000 16,000 11,000 10,000 10,000
RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY
ACT).
42 U.S.C. 14304(g)........................ BATTERY ACT................. 16,000 16,000 11,000 10,000 10,000
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\1\ Note that 33 U.S.C. 1414b (d)(1)(B) contains additional penalty escalation provisions that must be applied to the penalty amounts set forth in this
Table 2. The amounts set forth in this Table 2 reflect an inflation adjustment to the calendar year 1992 penalty amount expressed in section
104B(d)(1)(A), which is used to calculate the applicable penalty amount under MPRSA section 104B(d)(1)(B) for violations that occur in any subsequent
calendar year.
\2\ CACSO was passed on December 21, 2000 as part of Title XIV of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2001, Public Law 106-554, 33 U.S.C. 1901 note.
\3\ The original statutory penalty amounts of $20,000 and $50,000 under section 1432(c) of the SDWA, 42 U.S.C. 300i-1(c), were subsequently increased by
Congress pursuant to section 403 of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, Public Law 107-188 (June 12,
2002), to $100,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. The EPA did not adjust these new penalty amounts in its 2004 Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation
Adjustment Rule (``2004 Rule''), published on February 13, 2004, because they had gone into effect less than two years prior to the 2004 Rule.
\4\ Consistent with how the EPA's other penalty authorities are displayed under this section, this Table 2 now delineates, on a subpart-by-subpart
basis, the penalty authorities enumerated under section 325(b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. 11045(b) (i.e., 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A), (b)(2), and (b)(3)).
[FR Doc. 2019-28019 Filed 1-10-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P