From the Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography – Colorado – History:

The United States acquired part of the area that is now Colorado from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; part from territory ceded by Mexico in 1848 and part from territory sold to the United States by the state of Texas in 1850. Colorado Territory was organized from parts of Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, and Utah territories on February 28, 1861, with generally the same boundary as the present state.

Although the territory had not yet been legally established, census data for Colorado are available beginning with the 1860 census. The 1860 population shown for Colorado is for the portion of Kansas Territory that was organized as Colorado Territory. The 1860 population shown for Colorado excludes an undetermined number of people enumerated as part of Nebraska and New Mexico territories. The portion of present-day Colorado in Utah Territory – the portion west of the Rocky Mountains – was not enumerated in 1860. The population of the entire legally established Kansas Territory (of which the enumerated area of Colorado was a part) in 1860 was 141,483.

Data for the legally established state of Colorado are available beginning with the 1880 census.

From QuickFacts: statistics for all states and counties, and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more.

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From data.census.gov:

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Source: Selected Monthly Selected State Sales Tax Collections (2021 to 2020).

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (Annual Estimates of the Resident Population).

Source: 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) 1-Year Estimates.

From Census Business Builder: Regional Analyst Edition - 3.4:

From the State Data Center (SDC) Program:

From Foreign Trade > U.S. International Trade Data:

Note: After you create an account, you can choose between State Export Data (Origin of Movement) or State Import Data (State of Destination) by Harmonized System (HS) or NAICS. For more information, see the Quick Start Guide.

From the Statistics in Schools (SIS) program: