Exfiltration Over C2 Channel

ADVSTORESHELL exfiltrates data over the same channel used for C2.^[8]

APT3 has a tool that exfiltrates data over the C2 channel.^[42]

APT32's backdoor has exfiltrated data using the already opened channel with its C&C server.^[44]

Astaroth exfiltrates collected information from its r1.log file to the external C2 server. ^[16]

Attor has exfiltrated data over the C2 channel.^[27]

Adversaries can direct BACKSPACE to upload files to the C2 Server.^[7]

Bankshot exfiltrates data over its C2 channel.^[6]

CallMe exfiltrates data to its C2 server over the same protocol as C2 communications.^[10]

Cannon exfiltrates collected data over email via SMTP/S and POP3/S C2 channels.^[13]

DustySky has exfiltrated data to the C2 server.^[30]

Dyre has the ability to send information staged on a compromised host externally to C2.^[35]

Emotet has been seen exfiltrating system information stored within cookies sent within an HTTP GET request back to its C2 servers. ^[15]

Empire can send data gathered from a target through the command and control channel.^[3]

Frankenstein has collected information via Empire, which is automatically sent the data back to the adversary's C2.^[47]

A Gamaredon Group file stealer can transfer collected files to a hardcoded C2 server.^[11]

Goopy has the ability to exfiltrate data over the Microsoft Outlook C2 channel.^[37]

HAWKBALL has sent system information and files over the C2 channel.^[19]

HOPLIGHT has used its C2 channel to exfiltrate data.^[18]

HotCroissant has the ability to download files from the infected host to the command and control (C2) server.^[26]

Imminent Monitor has uploaded a file containing debugger logs, network information and system information to the C2.^[4]

Ke3chang transferred compressed and encrypted RAR files containing exfiltration through the established backdoor command and control channel during operations.^[43]

Kimsuky has exfiltrated data over its email C2 channel.^[46]

Lazarus Group malware IndiaIndia saves information gathered about the victim to a file that is uploaded to one of its 10 C2 servers. Another Lazarus Group malware sample also performs exfiltration over the C2 channel.^[38][39][40]

LightNeuron exfiltrates data over its email C2 channel.^[20]

Lokibot has the ability to initiate contact with command and control (C2) to exfiltrate stolen data.^[32]

Machete's collected data is exfiltrated over the same channel used for C2.^[22]

MechaFlounder has the ability to send the compromised user's account name and hostname within a URL to C2.^[33]

MobileOrder exfiltrates data to its C2 server over the same protocol as C2 communications.^[10]

MuddyWater has used C2 infrastructure to receive exfiltrated data.^[49]

NETEAGLE is capable of reading files over the C2 channel.^[7]

Data exfiltration is done by Okrum using the already opened channel with the C2 server.^[28]

OopsIE can upload files from the victim's machine to its C2 server.^[14]

PowerShower has used a PowerShell document stealer module to pack and exfiltrate .txt, .pdf, .xls or .doc files smaller than 5MB that were modified during the past two days.^[29]

Proxysvc performs data exfiltration over the control server channel using a custom protocol.^[12]

Psylo exfiltrates data to its C2 server over the same protocol as C2 communications.^[10]

Pteranodon exfiltrates screenshot files to its C2 server.^[11]

Pupy can send screenshots files, keylogger data, files, and recorded audio back to the C2 server.^[2]

Remexi performs exfiltration over BITSAdmin, which is also used for the C2 channel.^[17]

Rising Sun can send data gathered from the infected machine via HTTP POST request to the C2.^[31]

ROKRAT sends collected files back over same C2 channel.^[9]

Sandworm Team has sent system information to its C2 server using HTTP.^[50]

ShimRatReporter sent generated reports to the C2 via HTTP POST requests.^[5]

Soft Cell used Web shells and HTRAN for C2 as well as to exfiltrate data.^[45]

After data is collected by Stealth Falcon malware, it is exfiltrated over the existing C2 channel.^[41]

TajMahal has the ability to send collected files over its C2.^[34]

Ursnif has used HTTP POSTs to exfil gathered information.^[23][24][25]

Valak has the ability to exfiltrate data over the C2 channel.^[36]

Wizard Spider has exfiltrated domain credentials and network enumeration information over command and control (C2) channels.^[48]

Zebrocy has exfiltrated data to the designated C2 server using HTTP POST requests.^[21]

Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool command and control signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way to avoid detection by common defensive tools. ^[1]