[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 9 (Tuesday, January 14, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 2234-2277]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2019-27842]
[[Page 2233]]
Vol. 85
Tuesday,
No. 9
January 14, 2020
Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
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40 CFR Parts 60, 63, and 266
EPA Method 23--Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans From Stationary Sources; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 9 / Tuesday, January 14, 2020 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 2234]]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 60, 63, and 266
[EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-0677; FRL-10003-67-OAR]
RIN 2060-AT09
EPA Method 23--Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins
and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans From Stationary Sources
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: This action proposes editorial and technical revisions to the
Environmental Protection Agency's Method 23 (Determination of
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans
from Stationary Sources). Proposed revisions include incorporating
isotope dilution for quantifying all target compounds and changing the
method quality control from the current prescriptive format to a more
flexible performance-based approach with specified performance
criteria. We are also proposing revisions that will expand the list of
target compounds of Method 23 to include polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The proposed
revisions will improve the accuracy of Method 23 and will provide
flexibility to stack testers and analytical laboratories who measure
semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) from stationary sources while
ensuring that the stack testing community can consistently implement
the method across emissions sources and facilities.
DATES: Comments. Comments must be received on or before March 16, 2020.
ADDRESSES: Comments: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-0677, at https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot
be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. See SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION section for details about how the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) treats submitted comments. Regulations.gov is our
preferred method of receiving comments. However, the following other
submission methods are also accepted:
Email: [email protected]. Include Docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OAR-2016-0677 in the subject line of the message.
Fax: (202) 566-9744. Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2016-0677.
Mail: To ship or send mail via the United States Postal
Service, use the following address: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA Docket Center, Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-0677, Mail
Code 28221T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460.
Hand/Courier Delivery: Use the following Docket Center
address if you are using express mail, commercial delivery, hand
delivery, or courier: EPA Docket Center, EPA WJC West Building, Room
3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004. Delivery
verification signatures will be available only during regular business
hours.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Raymond Merrill, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Air Quality Assessment Division (E143-
02), Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
telephone number: (919) 541-5225; fax number: (919) 541-0516; email
address: [email protected].
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Public Participation
A. Written Comments
Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-
0677, at https://www.regulations.gov (our preferred method), or the
other methods identified in the ADDRESSES section. Once submitted,
comments cannot be edited or removed from the docket. The EPA may
publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit
electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted
by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be
accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the
official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish
to make. The EPA will generally not consider comments or comment
contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e., on the Web,
cloud, or other file sharing system). For additional submission
methods, the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or
multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective
comments, please visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
Submitting CBI: Clearly mark the part or all of the information
that you claim to be CBI. For CBI information in a disk or CD-ROM that
you mail to the EPA, mark the outside of the disk or CD-ROM as CBI and
then identify electronically within the disk or CD-ROM the specific
information that is claimed as CBI. In addition to one complete version
of the comment that includes information claimed as CBI, a copy of the
comment that does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be
submitted for inclusion in the public docket. Information marked as CBI
will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in
Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 2.
Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise
protected through https://www.regulations.gov or email. Send or deliver
information identified as CBI to only the following address: OAQPS
Document Control Officer (Room C404-02), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27711, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-0677.
If you have any questions about CBI or the procedures for claiming
CBI, please consult the person identified in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the https://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI (Confidential Business
Information) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by
statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, will be
publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available docket
materials are available either electronically in https://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, EPA/DC,
EPA WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW,
Washington, DC. This Docket Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone
number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone
number for the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742.
B. Participation at Public Hearing
Public hearing. If a public hearing is requested by January 21,
2020, then we will hold a public hearing at the EPA William Jefferson
Clinton (WJC) East Building, 1201 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington,
DC 20004. If a public hearing is requested, additional details about
the public hearing will be provided in a separate Federal Register
notice and on our website at https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/emc/methods. To
request a hearing, to register to speak at a hearing, or to inquire if
a hearing will be held, please contact Raymond Merrill
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by email at [email protected] or phone at (919) 541-5225. The
last day to pre-register in advance to speak at the public hearing will
be January 27, 2020. If held, the public hearing will convene at 9:00
a.m. (local time) and will conclude at 4:00 p.m. (local time).
Because this hearing is being held at a U.S. government facility,
individuals planning to attend the hearing should be prepared to show
valid picture identification to the security staff in order to gain
access to the meeting room. Please note that the REAL ID Act, passed by
Congress in 2005, established new requirements for entering federal
facilities. For purposes of the REAL ID Act, EPA will accept
government-issued IDs, including drivers' licenses, from the District
of Columbia and all states and territories except from American Samoa.
If your identification is issued by American Samoa, you must present an
additional form of identification to enter the federal building where
the public hearing will be held. Acceptable alternative forms of
identification include: Federal employee badges, passports, enhanced
driver's licenses, and military identification cards. For additional
information for the status of your state regarding REAL ID, go to:
https://www.dhs.gov/real-id-enforcement-brieffrequently-asked-questions. Any objects brought into the building need to fit through
the security screening system, such as a purse, laptop bag, or small
backpack. Demonstrations will not be allowed on federal property for
security reasons.
Table of Contents
The following outline is provided to aid in locating information in
this preamble.
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
B. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related
information?
II. Background
III. Incorporation by Reference
IV. Summary of Proposed Revisions to Method 23
A. Section 1.0
B. Section 2.0
C. Section 3.0
D. Section 4.0
E. Section 5.0
F. Section 6.0
G. Section 7.0
H. Section 8.0
I. Section 9.0
J. Section 10.0
K. Section 11.0
L. Section 12.0
M. Section 13.0
N. Section 14.0
O. Section 15.0
P. Section 16.0
Q. Section 17.0
V. Summary of Proposed Revisions Related to 40 CFR Parts 60, 63, and
266
A. 40 CFR Part 60--Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources
B. 40 CFR Part 63--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants for Source Categories
C. 40 CFR Part 266--Standards for the Management of Specific
Hazardous Wastes and Specific Types of Hazardous Waste Management
Facilities
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions that Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
The proposed amendments to Method 23 apply to industries that are
subject to certain provisions of parts 60, 62, 63, 79, and 266. The
source categories and entities potentially affected are listed in Table
1. This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware
could potentially be affected by this action. Other types of entities
not listed in the table could also be regulated.
Table 1--Potentially Affected Source Categories
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Examples of regulated
Category NAICSY \a\ entities
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Industry......................... 332410 Fossil fuel steam
generators.
332410 Industrial, commercial,
institutional steam
generating units.
562213 Municipal Waste
Combustors.
322110 Hazardous Waste
Combustors.
325211 Polyvinyl Chloride Resins
Manufacturing.
327310 Portland cement plants.
324122 Asphalt Shingle and
Coating Materials
Manufacturing.
331314 Secondary aluminum
plants.
327120 Clay Building Material
and Refractories
Manufacturing.
331410 Nonferrous Metal (except
Aluminum) Smelting and
Refining.
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\a\ North American Industry Classification System.
If you have any questions regarding the applicability of the
proposed changes to Method 23, contact the person listed in the
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
B. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related
information?
The docket number for this action is Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-
0677. In addition to being available in the docket, an electronic copy
of the proposed method revisions is available on the Technology
Transfer Network (TTN) website at https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/emc/methods/. The TTN provides information and technology exchange in
various areas of air pollution control.
II. Background
The EPA's Method 23 (Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-
Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from Stationary Sources) is
our current reference test method for determination
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of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDFs) emitted from stationary sources.
The EPA promulgated Method 23 (Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, Test
Methods) on February 13, 1991 (56 FR 5758). Since promulgation, the
measurement of PCDDs and PCDFs has evolved as analytical laboratories,
EPA, and state entities have developed new standard operating
procedures and methods to reflect improvements in sampling and
analytical techniques. Examples of newer PCDD/PCDF methods include:
Office of Land and Emergency Management (OLEM) Solid Waste
(SW) SW-846 EPA Method 8290A, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by High-Resolution Gas
Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS);
Office of Water (OW) EPA Method 1613, Tetra- through Octa-
Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS; and
California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources
Board (CARB) Method 428, Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-
Dioxin (PCDD), Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran (PCDF), and Polychlorinated
Biphenyls Emissions from Stationary Sources.
Beginning in 2016, the EPA held a series of informal discussions
with stakeholders in the measurement community to identify technical
issues related to the sampling and analysis of PCDD and PCDF and
potential revisions to Method 23. The stakeholders consisted of a cross
section of interested parties including representatives from state
regulatory entities, various EPA offices, analytical laboratories,
emission testing firms, analytical standards vendors, instrument
vendors, and others with experience in sampling and analysis of PCDD
and PCDF and with the equipment, materials, and performance of Method
23 and other PCDD/PCDF methods. In the discussions, EPA also sought
stakeholder input regarding their experience combining procedures for
sampling and analysis of PCDD and PCDF with procedures for sampling and
analysis of PAHs and PCBs emitted from stationary sources. The docket
contains summaries of the stakeholder discussions.
III. Incorporation by Reference
The EPA proposes to incorporate by reference ASTM D6911-15 and ASTM
D4840-99(2018)e1 in Method 23. The ASTM D6911-15 includes a guide for
packaging and shipping environmental samples for laboratory analysis
and ASTM D4840-99(2018)e1 includes a standard guide for sample chain-
of-custody procedures. These standards were developed and adopted by
the American society for Testing and Materials and may be obtained from
https://www.astm.org or from the ASTM at 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O.
Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
IV. Summary of Proposed Revisions to Method 23
In this action, we are proposing technical revisions and editorial
changes to clarify and update the requirements and procedures specified
in Method 23. We are also proposing to reformat the method to conform
with EPA's current method format (see https://www.epa.gov/measurements-modeling/method-development#format). We are proposing to expand the
applicability of Method 23 to include procedures for sampling and
analyzing PAHs and PCBs. In addition, we are proposing revisions to
various sections of the CFR that either require Method 23 or require
the analysis of PCDDs/PCDFs, PAHs, or PCBs.
Our intent for the proposed revisions is to ensure that Method 23
is implemented consistently and to update the method procedures to
include performance-based quality requirements that add flexibility
rather than the prescriptive requirements currently described in the
method.
The primary focus of the proposed revisions to Method 23 is to
change the method from a prescriptive method to a performance-based
method, which will allow users to have flexibility in implementing the
method (e.g., choice of gas chromatograph (GC) column, the procedures
used for sample cleanup) while still meeting performance criteria that
the EPA believes are necessary for demonstrating and documenting the
quality of the measurements for the target compounds. The proposed
revisions also address concerns over recovery of target compounds from
particulate matter by requiring a pre-extraction filter spike recovery
procedure and acceptance criteria for the filter spike recovery. These
new requirements resolve the concerns that led to the criteria in 40
CFR 63.1208 that required Administrator approval prior to use of Method
23 for measurement of PCDDs/PCDFs.
The EPA's second focus for the proposed revisions is to convert the
method entirely to quantitation based on isotope dilution. These
revisions to the method are possible because additional isotopically
labeled standards for the target compounds have become available from
vendors since the original promulgation of Method 23.
The third major focus for the EPA's proposed revision to Method 23
is to include options for combining sampling and analysis of PCDDs/
PCDFs with PAHs and PCBs to allow the measurement of toxic SVOC. In
addition, adding PCBs and PAHs to the list of target compounds measured
by Method 23 is responsive to multiple requests for alternative method
approval from facilities and source test teams that are responding to
EPA information collection requests (ICRs).
The EPA's proposed amendments to Method 23 are presented below for
each section of Method 23.
A. Section 1.0
In this action, EPA is proposing to rename section 1.0 from
``Applicability and Principle'' to ``Scope and Application,'' and
revise the text to expand the target compounds for Method 23 to include
PCBs and PAHs. We are also proposing to add statements that emphasize
the need for working knowledge of the EPA Methods 1 through 5 of
appendices A-1, A-2, and A-3 to 40 CFR part 60, and the use of high-
resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/
HRMS) when applying Method 23. We are also proposing language to
specify that Method 23 is performance-based and to allow users to
modify parts of the method to overcome interferences or to substitute
alternative materials and equipment provided that all performance
criteria in the method are met.
B. Section 2.0
The EPA is proposing to rename section 2.0 from ``Apparatus'' to
``Summary of Method,'' and revise section 2.0 with language to provide
an overview of the method's sampling and analytical procedures. We are
also proposing to move the current language in section 2.0, which
describes the materials needed to conduct Method 23, to a proposed new
section 6.0.
C. Section 3.0
The current version of Method 23 does not include definitions of
key terms and variables used in Method 23. In this action, we are
proposing to add a new section 3.0 titled ``Definitions,'' absent in
the current promulgated version of Method 23. We are providing
definitions to acronyms and technical terms to improve the clarity of
the method principles and procedures. We also propose to move language
from the
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current section 3.0 to a proposed new section 7.0.
D. Section 4.0
The current version of Method 23 does not discuss the conditions
that can potentially interfere with measurements obtained when using
the method. In this action, we are proposing to add a new section 4.0
titled ``Interferences,'' that would present the potential causes and
recommendations for avoiding or mitigating interferences or sample
contamination. We also propose to move language from the current
section 4.0 to a proposed new section 8.0.
E. Section 5.0
Currently, Method 23 does not provide procedures for safety. In
this action, we are proposing to add a new section 5.0 titled
``Safety,'' that would present the health hazards and procedures for
minimizing risks to field and laboratory personnel when conducting
Method 23. We also propose to move language from the current section
5.0 to a proposed new section 11.0.
F. Section 6.0
In this action, we are proposing to renumber and move the text in
section 2.0 (Apparatus) of the current method to section 6.0 titled
``Equipment and Supplies,'' and to make clarifying edits and technical
revisions to the specifications in this section. Table 2 of this
preamble identifies the proposed new numbering for the subsections
currently in section 2.0 and Table 3 of this preamble identifies new
specifications (and the associated subsection) we are proposing to
include in section 6.0.
Table 2--Crosswalk for Proposed Revisions to Current Method Sections
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Description Current section Proposed section
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Filter holder..................... 2.1.1 6.1.3
Condenser......................... 2.1.2 6.1.7
Water circulating bath............ 2.1.3 6.1.8
Absorbent module.................. 2.1.4 6.1.9
Fitting cap....................... 2.2.1 6.2.1
Wash bottles...................... 2.2.2 6.2.2
Filter storage container.......... 2.2.4 6.2.4
Field balance..................... 2.2.5 6.2.5
Aluminum foil..................... 2.2.6 6.2.6
Glass sample storage containers... 2.2.9 6.2.8
Extraction thimble................ 2.3.4 6.3.3.3
Pasteur pipette................... 2.3.5 6.4.1
GC oven........................... 2.3.10.1 6.5.1.1
Temperature monitor for GC oven... 2.3.10.2 6.5.1.2
GC Flow system.................... 2.3.10.3 6.5.1.3
Capillary column.................. 2.3.10.4 6.5.2
Mass spectrometer................. 2.3.11 6.5.3
Mass spectrometer data system..... 2.3.12 6.5.4
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Table 3--Proposed Additional Specifications for Section 6.0
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Description Proposed section
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Probe liner.......................................... 6.1.2
Filter heating system................................ 6.1.4
Filter temperature sensor............................ 6.1.5
Sample transfer line................................. 6.1.6
Impingers............................................ 6.1.10
Soxhlet extraction apparatus......................... 6.3.3.1
Moisture trap of extraction apparatus................ 6.3.3.2
Kuderna-Danish concentrator.......................... 6.3.4
Heating mantle....................................... 6.3.3.4
Chromatography column................................ 6.4.2
Injection port....................................... 6.5.1.4
PCDD/PCDF column system.............................. 6.5.2.1
PAH column system.................................... 6.5.2.2
PCB column system.................................... 6.5.2.3
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In this section, we are also proposing to:
Prohibit the use of brominated flame-retardant coated tape
in assembling the sampling train to avoid sample contamination;
Revise the specification for a rotary evaporator with
specifications for a Kuderna-Danish concentrator to avoid the loss of
higher vapor pressure target compounds;
Remove specifications for the graduated cylinder to
improve the accuracy of moisture measurements and to make Method 23
more consistent with other isokinetic sampling methods; and
Remove the volume requirement for wash bottles to allow
greater flexibility in field sample recovery.
We are also proposing to move language from Method 23's current
section 6.0 to a proposed new section 10.0.
G. Section 7.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to renumber and move the text
in section 3.0 (Reagents) of the current method to a new section 7.0
titled ``Reagents, Media and Standards,'' and to make clarifying edits
and technical revisions to the specifications in this section. Table 4
of this preamble identifies the
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proposed new numbering for the subsections currently in section 3.0 and
Table 5 of this preamble identifies new specifications (and the
associated subsection) we are proposing to include in section 7.
Table 4--Crosswalk for Proposed Revisions to Current Method Sections
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Description Current section Proposed section
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Filter............................ 3.1.1 7.1
Adsorbent resin................... 3.1.2 7.2
Glass wool........................ 3.1.3 7.3
Water............................. 3.1.4 7.4
Methylene chloride................ 3.2.2 7.6
Sodium sulfate.................... 3.3.2 7.8.2
Basic alumina..................... 3.3.13 7.8.9.1.2
Silica gel........................ 3.3.14 7.8.9.3
Carbon/Celite[supreg]............. 3.3.17 7.8.9.4
Nitrogen.......................... 3.3.18 7.8.10
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Table 5--Proposed Additional Specifications for Section 7.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description Proposed section
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High-boiling alkanes used as keeper solvents......... 7.8.8
Liquid column packing materials...................... 7.8.9
Acidic alumina....................................... 7.8.9.1.1
Florisil[supreg]..................................... 7.8.9.2
Helium............................................... 7.9.1
Spiking standards.................................... 7.9.2
Pre-sampling recovery standard solution.............. 7.9.3
Filter recovery spike standard solution.............. 7.9.4
Pre-extraction recovery standard solution............ 7.9.5
Pre-analysis recovery standard solution.............. 7.9.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We are proposing to replace the filter precleaning procedures of
the current method with specifications for conducting a filter quality
control check. We are proposing to delete unnecessary specifications
presented in Table 6 to reflect modern methods. We are also proposing
to rename the isotopic spiking standard mixtures to simple English
names that relate the standards to their use in the proposed method.
Table 6--Proposed Deletions of Material Specifications in the Current
Method 23
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material Current section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chromic acid cleaning solution....................... 3.1.6
Benzene.............................................. 3.3.7
Ethyl acetate........................................ 3.3.8
Nonane............................................... 3.3.11
Cyclohexane.......................................... 3.3.12
Hydrogen............................................. 3.3.19
Internal standard solution........................... 3.3.20
Surrogate standard solution.......................... 3.3.21
Recovery standard solution........................... 3.3.22
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We are also proposing to move the current section 7.0 to a proposed
new section 9.0.
H. Section 8.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to renumber and move the text
in section 4.0 (Procedure) of the current method to a new section 8.0
titled ``Sample Collection, Preservation and Storage,'' and to make
clarifying edits and technical revisions to the current procedures for
sampling and sample recovery. As proposed, the new section 8 also would
include added requirements for sample storage conditions and holding
times.
Under the sampling procedures of Method 23, we are proposing
revisions to the current requirements in section 4.1.1 for pretest
preparations. Table 7 of this preamble identifies the new numbering to
revise and replace the requirements in section 4.1.
Table 7--Crosswalk for Proposed Revisions to Current Method Sections
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description Current section Proposed section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glassware cleaning................ 4.1.1.1 8.1.1.1
Assembling the adsorbent module... 4.1.1.2 8.1.1.2
Maintaining the sampling train 4.1.1.3 8.1.1.3
components.......................
Silica Gel........................ 4.1.1.4 8.1.1.4
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Checking and packing filters...... 4.1.1.5 8.1.1.5
Field preparation of the sampling 4.1.3.1 8.1.3.1
train............................
Impinger assembly................. 4.1.3.2 8.1.3.2
Sampling probe and nozzle 4.1.3.4 8.1.3.4
preparation......................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 8 of this preamble shows the specifications we are proposing
to add to the new section 8.0. We are proposing a minimum sample volume
to assure that stack testers can attain the detection limits consistent
with current regulations. Sampling time requirements at each traverse
point for continuous industrial processes align Method 23 with other
isokinetic stationary source methods, such as Method 5. The sampling
time at each traverse point for batch industrial processes ensure
measurements are made for the entire process cycle. The proposed filter
check requirements add details that were absent from the original
Method 23 and align the method with the requirements of other
isokinetic stationary source methods, such as Methods 5, 26A, and 29,
also in Appendix A of this part. The proposed absorbent module
orientation requirements clarify the configuration of the absorbent
module to ensure that condensed moisture flows through the module into
the water collection impinger. We are proposing to add filter
monitoring requirements to align Method 23 with other isokinetic
stationary source methods. Also, we are proposing to add adsorbent
module temperature monitoring to confirm that the sorbent material was
not exposed to elevated temperatures that could bias sample collection
and results.
Table 8--Proposed Additional Specifications for Section 8.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description Proposed section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum sample volume................................ 8.1.2.1
Sampling time for continuous processes............... 8.1.2.2
Sampling time for batch processes.................... 8.1.2.3
Filter assembly...................................... 8.1.3.3
Orientation of the condenser and adsorbent module.... 8.1.3.4
Monitoring the filter temperature.................... 8.1.5.1
Monitoring the adsorbent module temperature.......... 8.1.5.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under sample recovery procedures, we are proposing technical
revisions as shown in Table 9 of this preamble. In this action, we are
also proposing to add a recommendation to use clean glassware and to
add specifications as shown in Table 10 of this preamble.
Table 9--Crosswalk for Proposed Revisions to Current Method Sections
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description Current section Proposed section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adsorbent module sample 4.2.2 8.2.5
preparation......................
Preparation of Container No. 2.... 4.1.1.2 8.2.6
Rinsing of the filter holder and 4.1.1.3 8.2.7
condenser........................
Weighing impinger water........... 4.1.1.5 8.2.8
Preparation of Container No. 3.... 4.1.3.1 8.2.9
Silica gel........................ 4.1.3.2 8.2.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 10--Proposed Additional Specifications for Section 8.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description Proposed section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conducting a post-test leak check.................... 8.2.1
Storage conditions for Container No. 1............... 8.2.4
Field sample handling, storage, and transport........ 8.2.11
Sample chain of custody.............................. 8.2.12
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In new section 8.2.8, we propose to measure moisture by weight
rather than by volume.
I. Section 9.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to move and renumber the
current section 7.0 (Quality Control) to a new section 9.0 titled
``Quality Control,'' and to make clarifying and technical revisions to
the section. We are proposing to add an introductory note that
addresses maintaining and documenting quality control compliance
required in Method 23. We would add a new subsection that clarifies the
recordkeeping and reporting necessary to demonstrate compliance with
quality control requirements of this method. We are also proposing to
add specifications for conducting pre-sampling, pre-extraction, and
pre-analysis spike recoveries of isotopically-labeled standards and to
add specifications for:
Capillary gas chromatography columns;
[[Page 2240]]
Preparing and analyzing batch blanks;
Determining the method detection limit; and
Assessing field train proof blanks.
We are also proposing to move language from the current section 9.0
to a proposed new section 12.0.
J. Section 10.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to renumber and move the text
in section 6.0 (Calibration) of the current method to a new section
10.0 titled ``Calibration and Standardization,'' and to make clarifying
and technical revisions to the specifications for calibrating the
sampling and the HRGC/HRMS systems. We are proposing to add
specifications for tuning the HRGC/HRMS system, to move the
specification for HRMS resolution (currently in section 5) to this
proposed section, to add procedures for assessing the relative standard
deviation for the mean instrument response, and to add procedures for
determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the MS to bring Method 23 up
to date with current laboratory practice. We are also proposing to add
requirements for ion abundance ratio limits, initial calibrations, and
resolution checks under the daily performance check to serve as
performance indicators for analysis quality. We are also proposing to
move language in the current section 10.0 to a proposed new section
16.0.
K. Section 11.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to renumber and move the text
in section 5.0 (Analysis) of the current method to a new section 11.0
titled ``Analysis Procedure,'' and to make clarifying and technical
revisions to the current specifications for sample extraction and
sample cleanup and fractionation. We are also proposing to add a new
subsection describing how sample extract aliquots are prepared for
cleanup and analysis.
We are also proposing to add the specifications and recommendations
for analysis procedures shown in Table 11 of this preamble.
Table 11--Proposed Additional Specifications for Section 11.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description Proposed section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preparing and operating the extraction 11.1.7 through 11.1.9.
apparatus.
Cooling the extraction apparatus........... 11.2.1.
Performing an initial extract concentration 11.2.2.
Cooling the sample extract................. 11.2.3.
Recommended minimum volume for PCDD/PCDF 11.2.3.
analysis.
Further concentration of sample (if needed) 11.2.4.
for cleanup and analysis.
Sample cleanup and fractionation for PAHs 11.3.1.
and PCDEs.
Sample cleanup and fractionation for PCDD/ 11.3.2.
DFs and PCBs.
Addressing unresolved compounds............ 11.4.1.2.1.
Retention time for PCBs.................... 11.4.3.4.5.
Chlorodiphenyl ether interference of PCDD/ 11.4.3.4.8.
DFs.
MS lock channels........................... 11.4.3.4.9.
Calculations of target mass and mass per 11.4.3.5.1 and 11.4.3.5.2.
dry standard cubic meter.
Quantifying indigenous PCDD/DFs............ 11.4.3.5.3.
Reporting options compound concentrations.. 11.4.3.5.4 through
11.4.3.5.6.
Identification criteria for PAHs........... 11.4.3.4.10.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
L. Section 12.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to renumber and move the text
in section 9.0 (Calculations) of the current method to a new section
12.0 titled ``Data Analysis and Calculations,'' and to revise the
equation variable list. We are proposing to revise the equations shown
in Table 12 of this preamble to incorporate isotope dilution
calculations.
Table 12--Proposed Equation Revisions for Section 12.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current equation Description Proposed section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
23-2.......................... Average relative 12.3
response factor
(RRF) for each
compound.
23-6.......................... Concentration of 12.7
individual target
compound i in the
extract by isotope
dilution.
23-9.......................... Recovery of Labeled 12.10
Compound Standards.
23-10......................... Estimated detection 12.11
limit.
23-11......................... Total concentration.. 12.12
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We are also proposing to remove and replace the current equations
in Method 23 with the equations shown in Table 13 of this preamble to
accommodate the proposed changes to the method procedures.
Table 13--Proposed Additional Equations for Section 12.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equation Description Proposed section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
23-1.......................... Individual compound 12.2
RRF for each
calibration level.
23-3.......................... Percent relative 12.4
standard deviation
of the RRFs for a
compound over the
five calibration
levels.
23-4.......................... Standard deviation of 12.5
the RRFs for a
compound over the
five calibration
levels.
23-5.......................... Percent difference of 12.6
the RRF of the
continuing
calibration
verification
compared to the
average RRF from the
initial calibration
for each target
compound.
23-7.......................... Concentration of 12.8
individual target
compound i in the
sample extract.
[[Page 2241]]
23-8.......................... Concentration of the 12.9
Individual Target
Compound or Group i
in the Emission Gas.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
M. Section 13.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to add a new section 13.0
titled ``Method Performance,'' that would include the specifications
shown in Table 14 of this preamble.
Table 14--Proposed Method Performance Specifications for Section 13.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description Proposed section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quality control checks of filters, 13.1, 13.2, and 13.14.
adsorbent resin, glass wool, and batch
blanks.
Field train proof blanks................... 13.2.
GC column systems used to measure PCDD/F, 13.3 through 13.6.
PAH, and PCB target compounds.
Acceptability of detection limits.......... 13.7.
Tuning HRGC/HRMS systems................... 13.8.
MS lock channels........................... 13.9.
Initial and continuing calibrations........ 13.10 and 13.11.
Identification of target compounds......... 13.12 and 13.13.
Pre-sampling, -extraction, and -analysis 13.15 and 13.16.
spike recoveries.
Pre-analysis spike sensitivity requirements 13.17.
Modifications of the method................ 13.18 and 13.19.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. Section 14.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to add a new section 14.0
titled ``Pollution Prevention,'' that specifies the procedures for
minimizing or preventing pollution associated with preparing and using
Method 23 standards.
O. Section 15.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to add a new section 15.0
titled ``Waste Management,'' that specifies the laboratory
responsibilities for managing the waste streams associated with
collecting and analyzing Method 23 samples.
P. Section 16.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to renumber and move the text
in section 10.0 (Bibliography) of the current method to a new section
16.0 titled ``References.'' We are proposing to delete previous
reference numbers 3 and 4 that are no longer relevant and to add new
citations for the following references:
Fishman, V.N., Martin, G.D. and Lamparski, L.L. Comparison
of a variety of gas chromatographic columns with different polarities
for the separation of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans
by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1139
(2007) 285-300.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. Environmental
Carcinogens Methods of Analysis and Exposure Measurement, Volume 11--
Polychlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans. IARC Scientific Publications
No. 108, 1991.
Stieglitz, L., Zwick, G., Roth, W. Investigation of
different treatment techniques for PCDD/PCDF in fly ash. Chemosphere
15: 1135-1140; 1986.
Triangle Laboratories. Case Study: Analysis of Samples for
the Presence of Tetra Through Octachloro-p-Dibenzodioxins and
Dibenzofurans. Research Triangle Park, NC. 1988. 26 p.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air
Programs Publication No. APTD-0576: Maintenance, Calibration, and
Operation of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment. Research Triangle
Park, NC. March 1972.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1625C-
Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GCMS.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1613B-Tetra-
through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/
HRMS.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1668C-
Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and
Tissue by HRGC/HRMS.
Tondeur, Y., Nestrick, T., Silva, H[eacute]ctor A.,
Vining, B., Hart, J. Analytical procedures for the determination of
polychlorinated-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and
hexachlorobenzene in pentachlorophenol. Chemosphere Volume 80, Issue 2,
June 2010, pages 157-164.
Q. Section 17.0
In this action, the EPA is proposing to add a new section 17 titled
``Tables, Diagrams, Flow Charts, and Validation Data,'' that will
contain all tables, diagrams, flow charts, and validation data
referenced in Method 23. We are proposing to revise Figures 23-1 and
23-2 and to rename and/or renumber the current Method 23 tables as
shown in Table 15 of this preamble.
Table 15--Proposed Revisions to Method 23 Tables
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current method Proposed method
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 1--Composition of the Sample Table 23-7. Composition of the
Fortification and Recovery Standards Sample Fortification and
Solutions. Recovery Standard Solutions
for PCDDs and PCDFs.
Table 2--Composition of the Initial Table 23-11. Composition of the
Calibration Solutions. Initial Calibration Standard
Solutions for PCDDs and PCDFs.
[[Page 2242]]
Table 3--Elemental Compositions and Table 23-4. Elemental
Exact Masses of the Ions Monitored by Compositions and Exact Masses
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for of the Ions Monitored by High-
PCDD's and PCDF's. Resolution Mass Spectrometry
for PCDDs and PCDFs.
Table 4--Acceptable Ranges for Ion- Table 23-15. Recommended Ion
Abundance Ratios of PCDD's and PCDF's. Type and Acceptable Ion
Abundance Ratios.
Table 5--Minimum Requirements for Table 23-14. Minimum
Initial and Daily Calibration Response Requirements for Initial and
Factors. Daily Calibration Response
Factors for Isotopically
Labeled and Native Compounds.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We are also proposing to add Figure 23-3 (Soxhlet/Dean-Stark
Extractor) and Figure 23-4 (Sample Preparation Flow Chart) and to add
the tables specified in Table 16 of this preamble.
Table 16--Additional Proposed Tables to Method 23
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proposed table Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
23-1.............................. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and
Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Target
Analytes.
23-2.............................. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Target Analytes.
23-3.............................. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Target
Analytes.
23-5.............................. Elemental Compositions and Exact
Masses of the Ions Monitored by
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
for PAHs.
23-6.............................. Elemental Compositions and Exact
Masses of the Ions Monitored by
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
for PCBs.
23-8.............................. Composition of the Sample
Fortification and Recovery Standard
Solutions for PAHs.
23-9.............................. Composition of the Sample
Fortification and Recovery Standard
Solutions for PCBs.
23-10............................. Sample Storage Conditions and
Laboratory Hold Times.
23-12............................. Composition of the Initial
Calibration Standard Solutions for
PAHs.
23-13............................. Composition of the Initial
Calibration Standard Solutions for
PCBs.
23-16............................. Typical DB5-MS Column Conditions.
23-17............................. Assignment of Pre-extraction
Standards for Quantitation of
Target PCBs.
23-18............................. Estimated Method Detection Limits
for PCDDs and PCDFs.
23-19............................. Target Detection Limits for PAHs.
23-20............................. Estimated Method Detection Limits
for PCBs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
V. Summary of Proposed Revisions Related to 40 CFR Parts 60, 63, and
266
A. 40 CFR Part 60--Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
In 40 CFR 60.17(h), we propose to incorporate by reference ASTM
D4840-99(2018)e1, Standard Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody
Procedures, and to amend the reference to ASTM D6911-15, Guide for
Packaging and Shipping Environmental Samples for Laboratory Analysis,
to include for use in Method 23.
In Subpart CCCC, we propose to revise Sec. 60.2125(g)(2) and
(j)(2) to realign the requirement for quantifying isomers to the
reorganized section 11.4.2.4 in the proposed revision of Method 23.
In Subpart DDDD, we propose to revise Sec. 60.2690(g)(2) and
(j)(2) to realign the requirement for identifying isomers to the
reorganized section 11.4.2.4 in the proposed revision of Method 23.
B. 40 CFR Part 63--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants for Source Categories
In 40 CFR 63.849(a)(13), we propose to replace California Air
Resources Board (CARB) Method 428 with Method 23 for the measurement of
PCB emissions from roof monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers.
In 40 CFR 63.1208, we propose to remove the requirement for
administrator's approval to use Method 23 for measuring PCDD/PCDF
emissions from hazardous waste combustors.
In 40 CFR 63.1625(b)(10), we propose to replace CARB Method 429
with Method 23 for measuring the emissions of PAH from ferromanganese
electric arc furnaces.
In Subpart AAAAAAA, Table 3, we propose to replace the requirement
for analysis of PAH by SW-846 Method 8270 with a requirement to use
Method 23. Specifically, we are deleting ``with analysis by SW 846
Method 8270D'' in row 6 of Table 3. Since revisions to Method 23
propose to eliminate the use of methylene chloride, we also propose to
remove footnote ``b'' in Table 3.
C. 40 CFR Part 266--Standards for the Management of Specific Hazardous
Wastes and Specific Types of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities
In 40 CFR 266.104, we propose to add Method 23 as an alternative to
SW-846 Method 0023A.
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders
can be found at https://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
This action is not a significant regulatory action and was,
therefore, not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
for review.
B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs
This action is expected to be an Executive Order 13771 deregulatory
action. This proposed rule is expected to provide meaningful burden
reduction by improving the accuracy of Method 23, improving data
quality, and providing source testers flexibility by providing a
performance-based approach and incorporating approved alternative
procedures into the regulatory measurement method. This proposed action
does not impose any requirements on owners/operators to
[[Page 2243]]
use Method 23 but provides instruction on how to use Method 23 if
required to do so by an EPA source category regulation.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
This proposed action does not impose an information collection
burden under the PRA. The revisions being proposed in this action to
Method 23 do not add information collection requirements but make
corrections, clarifications and updates to existing testing
methodology.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
I certify that this proposed action will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the
RFA. This action will not impose any requirements on small entities.
The proposed revisions to Method 23 do not impose any requirements on
regulated entities. Rather the proposed changes improve the quality of
the results when required by other rules to use Method 23. Revisions
proposed for Method 23 allow contemporary advances in analysis
techniques to be used. Further, the proposed changes in Method 23
analysis procedures reduce the impact of this method by bringing it
into alignment with other agency methods.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
This proposed action does not contain any unfunded mandate of $100
million or more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538. The proposed
action imposes no enforceable duty on any State, local or tribal
governments or the private sector.
F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This proposed action does not have federalism implications. It will
not have substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship
between the national government and the states, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
This proposed action does not have tribal implications, as
specified in Executive Order 13175. It will not have substantial direct
effects on the Indian Tribal Governments, on the relationship between
the national government and the Indian Tribal Governments, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among Indian Tribal
Governments and the various levels of government.
H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in
section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This proposed action is not
subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not establish or
revise a standard that provides protection to children against
environmental health and safety risks.
I. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution or Use
This proposed action is not subject to Executive Order 13211,
because it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order
12866.
J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
This proposed action involves technical standards. The EPA proposes
to use ASTM D6911-15 (Guide for Packaging and Shipping Environmental
Samples for Laboratory Analysis) and ASTM D4840-99(2018)e1 (Standard
Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures). These ASTM standards
cover best practices that guide sample shipping and tracking from
collection through analysis.
These standards were developed and adopted by the American society
for Testing and Materials. The standard may be obtained from https://www.astm.org or from the ASTM at 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. box C700,
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
This proposed action will not have potential disproportionately
high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority,
low-income or indigenous populations because it does not establish or
revise a standard that provides protection to human health or the
environment.
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 60
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous air
pollutants, Incorporation by reference, Method 23, Polychlorinated
biphenyls, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins, Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Test methods.
40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Method 23, New
source performance, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Polychlorinated
dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polycyclic aromatic
compounds, Test methods.
40 CFR Part 266
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous air
pollutants, Hazardous waste, Method 23, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,
Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Test methods, Waste management.
Dated: December 17, 2019.
Andrew R. Wheeler,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental
Protection Agency proposes to amend title 40, chapter I of the Code of
Federal Regulations as follows:
PART 60--STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES
0
1. The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
0
2. In Sec. 60.17:
0
a. Redesignate paragraphs (h)(167) through (h)(209) as (h)(168) through
(h)(210);
0
b. Add paragraph (h)(167); and
0
c. Revise newly redesignated paragraph (h)(192).
The addition and revision read as follows:
Sec. 60.17 Incorporations by reference.
* * * * *
(h) * * *
(167) ASTM D4840-99(2018)e1 Standard Guide for Sample Chain-of-
Custody Procedures, approved August 2018, IBR approved for appendix A-
8: Method 30B, IBR approved for Appendix A-7: Method 23.
* * * * *
(192) ASTM D6911-15 Standard Guide for Packaging and Shipping
Environmental Samples for Laboratory Analysis, approved January 15,
2015, IBR approved for appendix A-7: Method 23 and appendix A-8: Method
30B.
* * * * *
0
3. In Sec. 60.2125, revise paragraphs (g)(2) and (j)(2) to read as
follows:
[[Page 2244]]
Sec. 60.2125 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance
test?
* * * * *
(g) * * * (2) Quantify isomers meeting identification criteria 2,
3, 4, and 5 in Section 11.4.3.4 of Method 23, regardless of whether the
isomers meet identification criteria in Section 11.4.3.4.1 of Method
23. You must quantify the isomers per Section 11.4.3.5 of Method 23.
(Note: You may reanalyze the sample aliquot or split to reduce the
number of isomers to meet the identification criteria in Section
11.4.3.4 of Method 23.)
* * * * *
(j) * * *
(2) Quantify isomers meeting identification criteria 2, 3, 4, and 5
in Section 11.4.3.4 of Method 23, regardless of whether the isomers
meet identification Section 11.4.3.4.1 of Method 23. You must quantify
the isomers per Section 11.4.3.5 of Method 23. (Note: You may reanalyze
the sample aliquot or split to reduce the number of isomers to meet the
identification criteria in Section 11.4.3.4 of Method 23.)
* * * * *
0
4. In Sec. 60.2690, revise paragraphs (g)(2) and (j)(2) to read as
follows:
Sec. 60.2690 How do I conduct the initial and annual performance
test?
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(2) Quantify isomers meeting identification criteria 2, 3, 4, and 5
in Section 11.4.3.4 of Method 23, regardless of whether the isomers
meet identification Section 11.4.3.4.1 of Method 23. You must quantify
the isomers per Section 11.4.3.5 of Method 23. (Note: You may reanalyze
the sample aliquot or split to reduce the number of isomers to meet the
identification criteria in Section 11.4.3.4 of Method 23.)
* * * * *
(j) * * *
(2) Quantify isomers meeting identification criteria 2, 3, 4, and 5
in Section 11.4.3.4 of Method 23, regardless of whether the isomers
meet identification Section 11.4.3.4.1 of Method 23. You must quantify
the isomers per Section 11.4.3.5 of Method 23. (Note: You may reanalyze
the sample aliquot or split to reduce the number of isomers to meet the
identification criteria in Section 11.4.3.4 of Method 23.); and
* * * * *
0
5. Revise Method 23 of appendix A-7 to part 60 and to read as follows:
Appendix A-7 to Part 60--Test Methods 19 through 25E
* * * * *
Method 23--Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins,
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Stationary Sources
1.0 Scope and Application
1.1 Applicability. This method applies to measuring emissions of
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
(PCDDs/PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and/or polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in emissions from stationary sources.
Using this method, you can measure these analyte groups individually or
in any combination using a single sample acquisition. Tables 23-1
through 23-3 of this method list the applicable targets analytes for
Method 23.
1.2 Scope. This method describes the sampling and analytical
procedures used to measure selected PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and PAHs from
stationary source air emissions. However, Method 23 incorporates by
reference some of the specifications (e.g., equipment and supplies) and
procedures (e.g., sampling and analytical) from other methods in this
part that are essential to conducting Method 23. To obtain reliable
samples, source sampling teams should be trained and experienced with
the following additional EPA test methods: Method 1, Method 2, Method
3, Method 4, and Method 5 of appendices A-1, A-2, and A-3 to 40 CFR
part 60. Laboratory analysis teams should be trained and experienced
with Method 1668C found at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/method_1668c_2010.pdf and Method 1613B of 40 CFR part
136 appendix A.
1.3 The high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass
spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) portions of this method are for use by
laboratory analysts experienced with HRGC/HRMS analysis of PCDDs,
PCDFs, PCBs, and PAHs or under the close supervision of such qualified
persons. Each source testing team, including the sampling and
laboratory organization(s) that use this method, must demonstrate the
ability to generate acceptable results that meet the performance
criteria in Section 13 of this method.
1.4 This method is ``performance-based'' and includes acceptability
criteria for assessing sampling and analytical procedures. Users may
modify the method to overcome interferences or to substitute superior
materials and equipment, provided that they meet all performance
criteria in this method. Section 13 of this method presents
requirements for method performance.
2.0 Summary of Method
This method identifies and determines the concentration of specific
PCDD, PCDF, PCBs, and PAHs compounds. Gaseous and particulate bound
target pollutants are withdrawn from the gas stream isokinetically and
collected in the sample probe, on a glass fiber or quartz filter, and
on a packed column of adsorbent material. This method is not intended
to differentiate between target compounds in particle or vapor
fractions. The target compounds are extracted from the combined sample
collection media. Portions of the extract are chromatographically
fractionated to remove interferences, separated into individual
compounds or simple mixtures by HRGC, and measured with HRMS. This
method uses isotopically labeled standards to improve method accuracy
and precision.
3.0 Definitions
3.1 Alternate Recovery Standards. A group of isotopically labeled
compounds that is not otherwise designated in this method for quality
control purposes. Use alternative recovery standards to assess the
recovery of a compound class relative to a step in the sampling and
analysis procedure that is not already assessed as a mandatory part of
this method.
3.2 Batch Blank Sample. A laboratory blank sample composed of clean
filter and XAD-2 media processed and analyzed using the same procedures
as a field sample.
3.3 Benzo[a]pyrene Toxic Equivalent Factor (B[a]P-TEF). One of
several schemes that express the toxicity for PAH compounds in terms of
the most toxic form of PAH, benzo[a]pyrene, as specified in applicable
regulations, permits, or other requirements.
3.4 Continuing Calibration Verification Standard (CCV). The mid-
point calibration standard used to verify calibration. Prepare CCV
standards from a second source, when possible.
3.5 Congener. An individual compound with a common structure
(dioxin, furan, or biphenyl), only differing by the number of chlorine
atoms attached to the structure.
3.6 Estimated Detection Limit (EDL). The minimum qualitatively
recognizable signal above background for a target compound. The EDL is
a
[[Page 2245]]
mathematically-derived detection limit (MDL) specific to each sample
analysis based on the noise signal measured near the mass of a target
compound or target isomer group. Being sample specific, the EDL is
affected by sample size, dilution, etc.
3.7 Estimated Possible Concentration (EPC). Report the results as
EPC when the ion abundance ratio for a target analyte is outside the
performance criteria. Calculate the EPC separately for each
quantitation ion, if present, and report the lower value as the EPC.
3.8 Homolog. A compound belonging to a series of compounds with the
same general molecular formula, differing from each other by the number
of repeating units.
3.9 Isomer. An individual compound with a common structure (dioxin,
furan, or biphenyl), only differing by the position of chlorine atoms
attached to the structure.
3.10 Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Isomers. Any or all 209
chlorinated biphenyl congeners and their isomers. Table 23-3 of this
method lists the primary target compounds and appendix A to this method
provides the full list of 209 PCB congeners and isomers.
3.10.1 Monochlorobiphenyl (MoCB). Any or all three monochlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.2 Dichlorobiphenyl (DiCB). Any or all 12 dichlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.3 Trichlorobiphenyl (TrCB). Any or all 24 trichlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.4 Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TeCB). Any or all 42 tetrachlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.5 Pentachlorobiphenyl (PeCB). Any or all 46 pentachlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.6 Hexachlorobiphenyl (HxCB). Any or all 42 hexachlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.7 Heptachlorobiphenyl (HpCB). Any or all 24 heptachlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.8 Octachlorobiphenyl (OcCB). Any or all 12 octachlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.9 Nonachlorobiphenyl (NoCB). Any or all three nonachlorinated
biphenyl isomers.
3.10.10 Decachlorobiphenyl (DeCB). Biphenyl fully chlorinated with
ten chlorine atom substituents replacing hydrogen in the parent
compound.
3.11 Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) isomers. Any or all 75
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomers. There are 11 required target PCDD
analytes listed in Table 23-1 of this method. This method does not
measure mono- through tri-PCDDs and includes non-2,3,7,8 substituted
congeners in the total homolog categories.
3.11.1 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TeCDD). Any or all 22
tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomers.
3.11.2 Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD). Any or all 14
pentachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomers.
3.11.3 Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD). Any or all 10
hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomers.
3.11.4 Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD). Any or all two
heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin isomers.
3.11.5 Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD). Dibenzodioxin fully
chlorinated with eight chlorine atom substituents replacing hydrogen in
the parent compound.
3.12 Polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) isomers. Any or all
chlorinated dibenzofuran isomers. There are 14 required target PCDF
analytes listed in Table 23-1 of this method. This method does not
measure mono- through tri-PCDFs and includes non-2,3,7,8 substituted
congeners in the total homolog categories.
3.12.1 Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TeCDF). Any or all 38
tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran isomers.
3.12.2 Pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF). Any or all 28
pentachlorinated dibenzofuran isomers.
3.12.3 Hexachlorodibenzofuran (HxCDF). Any or all 16
hexachlorinated dibenzofuran isomers.
3.12.4 Heptachlordibenzofuran (HpCDF). Any or all four
heptachlorinated dibenzofuran isomers.
3.12.5 Octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF). Dibenzofuran fully
chlorinated with eight chlorine atom substituents replacing hydrogen in
the parent compound.
3.13 Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs). Any or all
chlorinated substituted diphenyl ethers.
3.13.1 Hexachlorodiphenyl ether (HxCDPE). Any or all 42
hexachlorinated diphenyl ether isomers.
3.13.2 Heptachlorodiphenyl ether (HpCDPE). Any or all 24
heptachlorinated diphenyl ether isomers.
3.13.3 Octachlorodiphenyl ether (OCDPE). Any or all 12
octachlorinated diphenyl ether isomers.
3.13.4 Nonachlorodiphenyl ether (NCDPE). Any or all three
nonachlorinated diphenyl ether isomers.
3.13.5 Decachlorodiphenyl ether (DCDPE).
3.14 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Any or all aromatic
compounds with two or more fused six-member rings. Table 23-2 of this
method lists the target PAH compounds for this method. You may add and
analyze additional PAH compounds by adding the appropriate \13\ C
isotopically labeled compound to the pre-extraction spike mixture and
by following the other requirements for target PAH compounds in this
method.
3.15 Pre-analysis Standard(s). A group of isotopically labeled
compounds added at a known amount immediately prior to analysis and
used to correct instrument response, injection errors, instrument drift
and to determine the recovery of the pre-extraction isotopically
labeled spike compounds. Add pre-analysis standards to every sample
(including blank, quality control sample, and calibration solutions) at
a known amount.
3.16 Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Standard(s). A group of
isotopically labeled compounds added at a known amount to the filter
used to indicate the extraction efficiency of the filter media. Add
pre-extraction filter recovery standard(s) to the filter samples just
prior extraction.
3.17 Pre-extraction Standard(s). A group of isotopically labeled
compounds added in a known amount to the XAD-2 adsorbent sample
immediately before extraction to correct the quantity of the native
target compounds present in the sample for extraction, cleanup, and
concentration recovery. These isotopically labeled compounds constitute
a matrix spike in each sample.
3.18 Pre-sampling Adsorbent Standard(s). A group of isotopically
labeled compounds added in a known amount to the XAD-2 adsorbent prior
to sampling used to indicate the sample collection and recovery
efficiency of the method.
3.19 Pre-transport Standard(s). Spiking compound(s) from the list
of alternative recovery standards that can be added by the laboratory
to the sample shipping containers used to transport field equipment
rinse and recovery samples. The measured concentration of the pre-
transport recovery standard provides a quality check on potential probe
rinse sample spillage or mishandling after sample collection and during
shipping.
3.20 Relative Response Factor (RRF). The response of the mass
spectrometer to a known amount of an analyte relative to a known amount
of an isotopically labeled standard.
3.21 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Toxic Equivalent Factor(s)
(2,3,7,8-TeCDD-TEF). A procedure that expresses the toxicity of PCDDs,
PCDFs,
[[Page 2246]]
and PCBs in terms of the most toxic dioxin, as specified in applicable
regulations, permits, or other requirements.
4.0 Interferences
4.1 PCBs and PCDEs have similar molecular weight and
chromatographic properties to PCDDs and PCDFs. PCBs produce an
interfering mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) when losing chlorine
(Cl2) or Cl4 upon fragmenting during ionization
processes. PCDEs also produce interfering m/z values when losing
Cl2 in the PCDF homolog group with two fewer chlorine atoms
(i.e., an octachlorinated PCDE can interfere with a hexachlorinated
PCDF). The latter interferences are potentially detected by monitoring
an m/z corresponding to the potentially interfering PCDE; however, the
fragmentation patterns of all PCDEs may not be known, complicating any
attempt to quantify the extent of ether interference.
4.2 Very high amounts of other organic compounds in the matrix may
interfere with the analysis. This method provides examples of column-
chromatographic cleanup as procedures to reduce, but not necessarily
eliminate, matrix effects due to high concentrations of organic
compounds (International Agency for Research on Cancer 1991).
4.3 Target compound contaminants or related organics in solvents,
reagents, glassware, isotopically labeled spiking standards, and other
sample processing hardware are potential method interferences.
Routinely evaluate all these materials to demonstrate that they are
either free from interferences under the conditions of the analysis, or
that the interference does not compromise the quality of the analysis
results. Evaluate chemical interference through the preparation and
analysis of batch blank samples. Use high purity reagents, solvents,
and standards to minimize interference problems in sample analysis.
4.4 PAHs are subject to degradation when exposed to ultraviolet
light. Take precautions to shield samples from sunlight or fluorescent
light sources during sample collection, recovery, extraction, cleanup,
and concentration.
5.0 Safety
Note: Develop a strict laboratory safety program for the
handling of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and/or PAHs.
5.1 Compounds in the PCDD and PCDF classes such as 2,3,7,8-TeCDD
are aneugenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic in laboratory animal
studies. Other PCDDs and PCDFs containing chlorine atoms in positions
2,3,7,8 have toxicities comparable to that of 2,3,7,8-TeCDD.
5.2 PCBs are classified as known or suspected human or mammalian
carcinogens. Be aware of the potential for inhalation and ingestion
exposure to laboratory analysts.
5.3 This method recommends that the laboratory purchase dilute
standard solutions of the analytes required for this method. However,
if preparing primary solutions, use a hood or glove box. Laboratory
personnel handling primary solutions should wear personal protective
equipment including a toxic gas respirator mask fitted with charcoal
filters approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH)/Mine Safety Health Administration (MSHA) to prevent the
inhalation of airborne particulates if not working in an approved hood
or glove box.
5.4 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of other reagents or chemicals
used in this method is not precisely defined. However, treat each
chemical as a potential health hazard and minimize exposure to these
chemicals. The laboratory is responsible for maintaining a current
awareness file of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals specified in
this method. Ensure that a reference file or list of internet sites
that contain safety data sheets (SDS) is available to all personnel
involved in the sampling and chemical analysis of samples known or
suspected to contain PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and PAHs.
6.0 Equipment and Supplies
Note: Brand names, suppliers, and part numbers are for
illustration purposes only and no endorsement is implied. Apparatus
and materials other than those specified in this method may achieve
equivalent performance. Meeting the performance requirements of this
method is the responsibility of the source testing team and
laboratory team.
6.1 Sampling Apparatus. Figure 23-1 of this method shows a
schematic of the Method 23 sampling train. Do not use sealing greases
or brominated flame retardant-coated tape in assembling the train. The
train is identical to that described in section 6.1.1 of Method 5 of
appendix A-3 to 40 CFR part 60 with the following additions:
6.1.1 Nozzle. The nozzle must be made of quartz or borosilicate
glass or titanium. Stainless steel nozzles should not be used.
6.1.2 Probe Liner. Use either polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
borosilicate, or quartz glass probe liners with a heating system
capable of maintaining a probe gas temperature of 120 14
[deg]C (248 25 [deg]F) during sampling, or such other
temperature as specified by an applicable subpart of the standards or
as approved by the Administrator. Use a PTFE ferrule or single-use PTFE
coated O-ring to achieve the seal at the nozzle end of the probe for
stack temperatures up to about 300 [deg]C (572 [deg]F). Use a quartz
glass liner and integrated quartz nozzle for stack temperatures between
300 and 1,200 [deg]C (572 and 2,192 [deg]F).
6.1.3 Filter Holder. Use a filter holder of borosilicate glass with
a PTFE frit or PTFE-coated wire filter support. The holder design
should provide a positive seal against leakage from the outside or
around the filter. The holder should be durable, easy to load, leak-
free in normal applications, and positioned immediately following the
probe and cyclone bypass (or cyclone, if used) with the active side of
the filter perpendicular to the source of the flow.
6.1.4 Filter Heating System. Use any heating system capable of
monitoring and maintaining the temperature around the filter to ensure
that the sample gas temperature exiting the filter is 120
14 [deg]C (248 25 [deg]F) during sampling or such other
temperature as specified by an applicable subpart of the standards or
approved by the Administrator for a particular application.
6.1.5 Filter Temperature Sensor. Install a temperature sensor
capable of measuring temperature to within 3 [deg]C (5.4
[deg]F) so that the sensing tip protrudes at least 1.3 centimeters (cm)
(1-2 in.) into the sample gas exiting the filter. Encase the sensing
tip of the sensor in glass or PTFE if needed.
6.1.6 Sample Transfer Line. The sample transfer line transports
gaseous emissions from the heated filter holder to the condenser and
must be heat traced and constructed of glass or PTFE with connecting
fittings that form leak-free, vacuum-tight connections without using
sealing greases or tapes. Keep the sample transfer lines as short as
possible and maintain the lines at a temperature of 120 [deg]C 14 [deg]C (248 [deg]F 25 [deg]F) using active
heating when necessary. Orient the sample transfer lines with the
downstream end lower than the upstream end so that any condensate will
flow away from the filter and into the condenser.
6.1.7 Condenser. Glass, water-jacketed, coil-type with compatible
fittings. Orient the condenser to cause moisture to flow down to the
adsorbent module to facilitate condensate drainage. Figure 23-2 of this
method shows a schematic diagram of the condenser.
[[Page 2247]]
6.1.8 Water Circulating Bath. Use a bath pump circulating system
capable of providing chilled water flow to the condenser and adsorbent
module water jackets. Typically, a submersible pump is placed in the
impinger ice water bath to circulate the ice water contained in the
bath. Verify the function of this system by measuring the gas
temperature at the entrance to the adsorbent module. Maintain this
temperature at < 20 [deg]C (68 [deg]F).
6.1.9 Adsorbent Module. Use a water-jacketed glass container to
hold up to 40 grams (g) of the solid adsorbent. Figure 23-2 of this
method shows a schematic diagram of the adsorbent module. Other
physical configurations of the adsorbent resin module/condenser
assembly are acceptable if the configuration contains the requisite
amount of solid adsorbent and maintains the minimum length-to-width
adsorbent bed ratio of two-to-one. Orient the adsorbent module
vertically to facilitate condensate drainage. The connecting fittings
must form leak-free, vacuum-tight seals. Include a coarse glass frit in
the adsorbent module to retain the adsorbent.
6.1.10 Impingers. Use five impingers connected in series with leak-
free ground glass fittings or any similar leak-free noncontaminating
fittings. The first impinger must be a short-stem stem (water-dropout)
design or equivalent. The second, fourth, and fifth impingers must be
of the Greenburg-Smith design, modified by replacing the tip with a 1.3
cm (1-2 in.) inside diameter (ID) glass tube extending to approximately
1.3 cm (1-2 in.) from the bottom of the flask. The third impinger must
be of the Greenburg-Smith design with the standard tip. The second and
third impingers must contain known quantities of water, and the fifth
impinger must contain a known weight of silica gel or equivalent
desiccant. Alternatively, you may omit the first impinger if you do not
expect excess moisture in the sample gas.
6.2 Sample Recovery Equipment.
6.2.1 Fitting Caps. Use leak-free ground glass fittings or any
similar leak-free non-contaminating fitting to cap the sections of the
sampling train exposed to the sample gas. Alternatively, use PTFE tape
or contaminant-free aluminum foil for this purpose (see Section 6.2.6
of this method).
6.2.2 Wash Bottles. Use PTFE bottles.
6.2.3 Probe-Liner, Probe-Nozzle, and Filter-Holder Brushes. Use
inert bristle brushes with precleaned stainless steel or PTFE handles.
Extensions of the probe brush must be made of stainless steel or PTFE
and be at least as long as the probe. Use brushes that are properly
sized and shaped to remove accumulated material from the nozzle and
probe liner if used.
6.2.4 Filter Storage Container. Use a sealed filter holder, wide-
mouth amber glass jar with PTFE-lined cap, or glass petri dish sealed
with PTFE tape. Purchase precleaned amber glass jars and petri dishes
or clean according to the glassware cleaning procedures listed in
Section 8.1.1.1 of this method.
6.2.5 Field Balance. Use a weighing device capable of measurements
to an accuracy of 0.5g.
6.2.6 Aluminum Foil. Use heavy duty aluminum foil cleaned by
rinsing three times with hexane or toluene and stored in a pre-cleaned
glass petri dish or glass jar. Do not use aluminum foil to wrap or
contact filter samples due to the possibility of reaction between the
sample and the aluminum.
6.2.7 Adsorbent Storage Containers. Use an air-tight container to
store silica gel.
6.2.8 Glass Sample Storage Containers. Recover samples in amber
glass bottles, 500- or 1000-milliliters (mL) with leak-free PTFE-lined
caps. Either purchase precleaned bottles or clean containers according
to glassware cleaning procedures listed in Section 8.1.1.1 of this
method.
6.3 Sample Extraction Equipment.
6.3.1 Sample Containers. Use 125- and 250-mL amber glass bottles
with PTFE-lined caps.
6.3.2 Test Tubes. Use glass test tubes or small (e.g., 5 to 10 mL)
amber vials.
6.3.3 Soxhlet/Dean-Stark Extraction Apparatus.
6.3.3.1 Soxhlet Apparatus. Use 200-mL capacity capable of holding
43 x 123-millimeter (mm) extraction thimbles, with receiving flask
(typically round-bottom).
6.3.3.2 Moisture Trap. Use Dean-Stark or Barret with fluoropolymer
stopcock trap to fit between the Soxhlet extractor body and the
condenser as shown in Figure 23-3 of this method. Note: Dean-Stark or
Barret traps are used to remove water with extraction solvents that are
less dense and insoluble in water.
6.3.3.3 Extraction Thimble. Use quartz, glass, or glass fiber
thimble, typically 43 x 123 mm to fit Soxhlet apparatus.
6.3.3.4 Heating Mantle. Use a hemispherical shaped heating mantle
to fit round-bottom flask.
6.3.4 Kuderna-Danish Concentrator. Use an apparatus consisting of a
three-ball Snyder column, a flask with leak-free joint to accept the
three-ball Snyder column at the top, a leak-free joint to receive a
graduated concentration tube at the bottom and a heating mantle.
6.3.5 Nitrogen Evaporative Concentrator. Use a nitrogen evaporative
concentrator equipped with a water bath with the temperature controlled
in the range of 30 to 60 [deg]C (86 to 140 [deg]F) (N-Evap Organomation
Associates, Inc., South Berlin, MA, or equivalent).
6.3.6 Separatory Funnels. Use glass or PTFE 2-liter separatory
funnels.
6.4 Glass Liquid Chromatography Columns.
6.4.1 Pasteur Pipettes. Use disposable pipettes, or glass
serological pipettes typically 150 mm long x 6 mm ID.
6.4.2 Chromatography Columns. 200 to 300 mm long x 20 mm ID with
250-mL reservoir.
6.5 Analytical Equipment.
6.5.1 Gas Chromatograph. Use a gas chromatograph consisting of the
following components:
6.5.1.1 Oven. Use an oven capable of maintaining the separation
column at the proper operating temperature 1.0 [deg]C (1.8
[deg]F) and performing programmed increases in temperature at rates of
at least 20 [deg]C/min with isothermal hold.
6.5.1.2 Temperature Monitor. Use a temperature monitor to measure
column oven temperature to 1.0 [deg]C (1.8 [deg]F).
6.5.1.3 Flow System. Use an electronic pressure control or
equivalent gas metering system to control carrier gas flow or pressure.
6.5.1.4 Use a split/splitless injection port in the splitless mode
or on-column injection port for the capillary column.
6.5.2 Capillary Gas Chromatography Columns. Use different columns
for the analysis of the different target compound classes in this
method, if needed. Perform the resolution checks in Sections 10.2.3.4
and 10.2.3.5 of this method to document the required resolution.
Compound separation must meet the resolution specifications in Section
10.2.3.4 of this method and the identification specifications found in
Section 11.4.3.4 of this method.
6.5.2.1 Recommended column systems for measuring PCDDs/PCDFs should
be capable of achieving separation of the 17 PCDD/PCDF target compounds
from the nearest eluting congener with no more than 10 percent peak
overlap. The system must meet the performance specifications for
compound separation and quantitation in calibration, performance check,
and isotopically labeled standards added to field samples. Use a
variety of bonded-phase capillary gas chromatography columns to meet
these requirements, if needed.
[[Page 2248]]
Note: Fishman, et al. (see Section 16.3 of this method)
demonstrated that all TEF isomers can be fully differentiated from
closely eluting isomers using either of two sets of non-polar and
polar stationary phase combinations. One set consisted of 5-percent
phenyl methylpolysiloxane (DB-5, HP-5MS, Rtx-5MS, Equity-5) and 50-
percent cyanopropylmethyl, 50-percent phenylmethylsiloxane (DB-225,
SP 2331) GC columns and the other set consisted of 5-percent phenyl,
94-percent methyl, 1-percent vinyl silicone bonded-phase (DB-5MS,
ZB-5MS, VF-5MS, CP-Sil 8 CB LowBleed/MS) with 50-percent
cyanopropylmethyl, 50-percent phenylmethylsiloxane (SP-2331).
6.5.2.2 Use column systems for measuring PAHs that can achieve
separation of anthracene and phenanthrene at m/z 178 such that the
valley between the peaks does not exceed 50 percent of the taller of
the two peaks, and benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene such
that the valley between the peaks is less than 60 percent of the height
of the taller peak. These requirements are achievable using a 30-m
narrow bore (0.25 mm ID) 5-percent phenyl polysilphenylene-siloxane
(BPX5 or equivalent) bonded-phase, fused-silica capillary column.
6.5.2.3 PCB Columns.
6.5.2.3.1 Use column systems for measuring PCBs that can achieve
unique resolution and identification of the toxics for determination of
a TEQPCB using TEFs (American Society of Mechanical
Engineers 1984). Isomers may be unresolved if they have the same TEF
and response factor and if these unresolved isomers are uniquely
resolved from all other congeners. These requirements are achievable
using several 30-meter (m) narrow bore (0.25 mm ID) columns including
8-percent phenyl polycarborane-siloxane (HT8), DB-XLB, and poly (50-
percent n-octyl/50-percent methyl siloxane) (SPB-Octyl).
6.5.2.3.2 If using an SPB-Octyl column for PCB analysis, the column
should also uniquely resolve isomers 34 from 23 and 187 from 182.
Resolution for these PCBs is shown by the valley between the peaks not
exceeding 40 percent of the taller of the two peaks that result when
these congeners are analyzed in the same calibration sample.
6.5.3 Mass Spectrometer. Use 28 to 70 electron volt impact
ionization capable of repetitive selective monitoring of 12 exact m/z
values with a mass resolution defined in section 10.2.1 of this method
for fragments in the range of 300 to 350 m/z. The deviation between
each monitored mass lock m/z and the monoisotopic m/z (Tables 23-4, 23-
5, and 23-6 of this method for PCDDs/PCDFs, PAHs, and PCBs,
respectively) must be less than 5 parts per million.
6.5.4 Mass Spectrometer Data System. Use a data system compatible
with the mass spectrometer and capable of sequencing and monitoring
multiple groups of selected ions.
6.5.5 Analytical Balance. Use an analytical balance to measure
within 0.1 milligram (mg).
7.0 Reagents, Media, and Standards
Note: The quality checks described in this section are
recommended but not required. They are provided to help ensure data
will meet the required performance specifications in Section 13 of
this method.
7.1 Filter. Glass fiber filters, without organic binder, exhibiting
at least 99.95 percent efficiency (<0.05 percent penetration) on 0.3-
micron dioctyl phthalate smoke particles.
7.1.1 Extraction. Conduct a quality control check on the filter lot
prior to the field test to demonstrate that filters are free from
contamination or interference. Perform Soxhlet extraction on a minimum
of three filters with toluene for 16 hours. After extraction, allow the
Soxhlet apparatus to cool. Remove the filters and remove the solvent
from the filters under clean conditions (e.g., a clean nitrogen
stream).
7.1.2 Analysis. Analyze the individual extracts of a minimum of
three filters from each lot used for sampling according to the
procedures in Section 11 of this method. The blank filter check
analysis must meet the performance requirements in Section 13.14 of
this method.
7.2 Adsorbent Resin. Amberlite[supreg] XAD-2 resin. All adsorbent
resin must meet the cleanliness criteria in Section 13.14 of this
method for all target compounds on the analysis list (i.e., native
PCDD/PCDF, PCB, and/or PAH) following the same extraction,
concentration, cleanup, and analysis steps as field samples. This
method recommends using the procedures provided in appendix B to this
method to clean the resin before use, if needed. However, this method
allows alternative cleanup procedures that use automated extraction
equipment if the adsorbent meets the required performance criteria in
Section 13.14 of this method.
7.2.1 Conduct a quality control check on the cleaned adsorbent
using HRGC/HRMS techniques following procedures in Section 11 of this
method. The cleaned adsorbent must meet the criteria in Section 13.14
of this method. A batch blank conducted on the filter and adsorbent lot
combination used for a test can serve this purpose.
7.2.2 Storage. Store adsorbent in its original purchase container,
a clean wide-mouth amber glass container with a PTFE-lined cap, or in
glass adsorbent modules tightly sealed with glass caps.
7.3 Glass Wool. Clean the glass wool to meet the specifications in
Section 13.14 of this method. Using sequential immersion in three clean
aliquots of toluene, drying in a 110 [deg]C (230 [deg]F) oven, and
storing in a toluene-rinsed glass jar with a PTFE-lined screw cap can
meet these requirements.
7.4 Water. Use deionized or distilled water meeting requirements in
Section 13.14 of this method and store in its original container or in
a toluene-rinsed glass container with a PTFE-lined screw cap.
7.5 Silica Gel. Indicating type, 6-16 mesh. If previously used, dry
at 175 [deg]C (347 [deg]F) for two hours. Use new silica gel as
received. As an alternative, use other types of desiccants (equivalent
or better), subject to the approval of the Administrator.
7.6 Methylene Chloride. Pesticide grade or better.
7.7 Sample Recovery Reagents.
7.7.1 Acetone. Pesticide grade or better.
7.7.2 Toluene. Pesticide grade or better.
7.8 Sample Extraction and Cleanup.
7.8.1 Potassium Hydroxide. American Chemical Society (ACS) grade, 2
percent (weight/volume) in water.
7.8.2 Sodium Sulfate. Granulated or powdered, reagent grade. Use as
received, include in batch blank evaluation prior to use, or purify as
necessary prior to use by rinsing with methylene chloride or toluene
and oven drying. The batch blank must meet the requirements in Section
13.14 of this method. Store the cleaned material in a glass container
with a PTFE-lined screw cap.
7.8.3 Sulfuric Acid. Reagent grade.
7.8.4 Sodium Hydroxide. 1.0 N. Weigh 40 g of sodium hydroxide into
a 1-liter volumetric flask. Dilute to 1 liter with water.
7.8.5 Hexane. Pesticide grade or better.
7.8.6 Methanol. Pesticide grade or better.
7.8.7 Toluene. Pesticide grade or better.
7.8.8 High-Boiling Alkanes Used as Keeper Solvents (e.g.,
tetradecane, nonane, decane). Pesticide grade. Note: Lower homologous
series alkanes (nonane or decane) are necessary for higher volatility
targets such as MoCBs and naphthalene to maintain retention during
concentration procedures. However, do not take samples to
[[Page 2249]]
dryness when using these lower alkane homologs.
7.8.9 Liquid Column Chromatography Packing Materials. Use the
following column chromatography packing materials, as needed, to
prepare sample extracts and remove interfering compounds. Commercially
prepacked cleaning columns may be available for this purpose. All
procedures for preparing column chromatography packing materials are
recommendations shown to meet the performance specifications required
for the recovery of labeled compounds described in Section 13 of this
method.
7.8.9.1 Alumina. Use either acidic or basic alumina in the cleanup
of sample extracts. Use the same type of alumina for all samples in an
analytical sequence, including those used to demonstrate batch blank
performance.
7.8.9.1.1 Acidic Alumina (Sigma-Aldrich[supreg] 199966 or
equivalent). Brockmann activity grade 1, 100-200 mesh. Prior to use,
activate the alumina by heating for 12 hours at 130 [deg]C (266
[deg]F). Store in a desiccator. You may use pre-activated alumina
purchased from a supplier as received.
7.8.9.1.2 Basic Alumina (Sigma-Aldrich[supreg] 19943 or
equivalent). Brockmann activity grade 1. Activate by heating to 600
[deg]C (1,112 [deg]F) for a minimum of 24 hours. Do not heat to over
700 [deg]C (1,292 [deg]F) because this can lead to reduced capacity for
retaining the analytes. Store at 130 [deg]C (266 [deg]F) in a covered
flask. Use within five days of baking. Use prepacked alumina columns
immediately after opening the vacuum sealed pouch or container.
7.8.9.2 Florisil[supreg]. Activated, 60-100 mesh recommended. Heat
previously activated Florisil[supreg] in a glass container loosely
covered with aluminum foil in an oven at 130 to 150 [deg]C (266 to 302
[deg]F) for a minimum of 24 hours. Upon cooling, store activated
Florisil[supreg] silica prior to use in a desiccator.
7.8.9.3 Silica Gel. Use either activated, acidic or basic silica
gel in the cleanup of sample extracts. Use the same type of silica gel
for all samples in an analytical sequence, including those used to
demonstrate batch blank performance.
7.8.9.3.1 Activated Silica Gel. Supelco[supreg] 1-3651, Bio-
Sil[supreg] A, 100-200 mesh (or equivalent). Prior to use, rinse with
methylene chloride and activate the silica gel by heating for at least
1 hour at 180 [deg]C (356 [deg]F). After cooling, rinse the silica gel
sequentially with methanol and toluene. Heat the rinsed silica gel at
50 [deg]C (122 [deg]F) for 10 minutes, then increase the temperature
gradually to 180 [deg]C (356 [deg]F) over 25 minutes and maintain the
gel at this temperature for 90 minutes. Cool in a desiccator to room
temperature and store in a glass container with a PTFE-lined screw cap.
7.8.9.3.2 Acidic Silica Gel (30 percent weight/weight). Combine 100
g of activated silica gel with 44 g of concentrated sulfuric acid in a
clean screw-capped glass container and agitate thoroughly. Disperse the
solids with a stirring rod until obtaining a uniform mixture. Store the
mixture in a glass container with a PTFE-lined screw cap.
7.8.9.3.3 Basic Silica Gel. Combine 30 g of 1 N sodium hydroxide
with 100 g of activated silica gel in a clean screw-capped glass
container and agitate thoroughly. Disperse solids with a stirring rod
until obtaining a uniform mixture. Store the mixture in glass container
with a PTFE-lined screw cap.
7.8.9.4 Carbon/Celite[supreg] 545 (or equivalent solid support).
Use a carbon-based column cleanup material (e.g., one of the many
Carbopack[supreg] B or C) to remove impurities from the samples prior
to analysis. Thoroughly mix 9.0 g Carbopack[supreg] C and 41.0 g
Celite[supreg] 545 to produce an 18-percent weight/weight mixture.
Activate the mixture at 130 [deg]C (266 [deg]F) for a minimum of 6
hours. Store in a desiccator.
7.8.10 Nitrogen. 99.999 percent (ultra-high) purity.
7.9 Sample Analysis.
7.9.1 Helium. 99.999 percent (ultra-high) purity.
7.9.2 Spiking Standards. Prepare spiking standards quantitatively
at a convenient concentration (e.g.,10 nanograms (ng)/mL) or use
commercial standards if available, to enable accurate spiking of a
labeled standard at various stages of the sample preparation. You may
adjust the spiking concentrations from those recommended in Tables 23-
7, 23-8 and 23-9 of this method to accommodate the concentration of
target compounds anticipated in samples if the performance criteria in
Section 13 of this method are met.
7.9.3 Pre-Sampling Recovery Standard Solution. Prepare stock
standard solutions in nonane to enable spiking of the isotopically
labelled compounds for target compound classes in Tables 23-7, 23-8,
and 23-9 of this method at the mass shown under the heading ``Pre-
sampling Adsorbent Standards.''
7.9.4 Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Spike Standard Solution.
Prepare stock standard solutions in nonane to enable spiking of the
isotopically labelled compounds for target compound classes in Tables
23-7, 23-8, and 23-9 of this method at the mass shown under the heading
``Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Spike Standards.''
7.9.5 Pre-extraction Recovery Standard Solution. Prepare stock
standard solutions in nonane to enable spiking of the isotopically
labelled compounds for target compound classes in Tables 23-7, 23-8,
and 23-9 of this method at the mass shown under the heading ``Pre-
extraction Standards.''
7.9.6 Pre-analysis Standard Solution. Prepare stock standard
solutions in nonane to enable spiking of the isotopically labelled
compounds for target compound classes in Tables 23-7, 23-8, and 23-9 of
this method at the mass shown under the heading ``Pre-analysis
Standards.''
8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation and Storage
8.1 Sampling. This method involves collection and recovery of trace
concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds. Therefore, train
field sampling and recovery staff in the best practices for handling
and using organic solvents in field environments to recover and protect
samples from contamination.
8.1.1 Pretest Preparation.
8.1.1.1 Cleaning Glassware. Clean glassware thoroughly before
using. This section provides a recommended procedure, but any protocol
that consistently results in contamination-free glassware meeting the
batch blank criteria in Section 13.2 of this method is acceptable.
8.1.1.1.1 Soak all glassware in hot soapy water (Alconox[supreg] or
equivalent).
8.1.1.1.2 Rinse with hot tap water.
8.1.1.1.3 Rinse with deionized/distilled water.
8.1.1.1.4 Rinse with methanol.
8.1.1.1.5 Rinse with toluene.
8.1.1.1.6 Baking glassware at 300 [deg]C (572 [deg]F) for a minimum
of 2 hours may be necessary to remove contaminants or interferents from
particularly dirty samples. Cool glassware after baking.
Note: Repeated baking of glassware may cause active sites on
the glass surface that may irreversibly absorb target compounds.
8.1.1.1.7 Cover glassware openings with clean glass fitting caps or
cleaned aluminum foil (see Section 6.2.6 of this method).
8.1.1.1.8 Rinse glassware immediately before use with acetone and
toluene.
Note: To prepare heavily soiled glassware, remove surface
residuals from the glassware by soaking in hot soapy water, rinsing
with hot water, then soaking with a non-chromic acid oxidizing
cleaning reagent in a strong acid (e.g., NOCHROMIX[supreg] prepared
according to manufacturer's directions). After the acid soak, rinse
with hot water and repeat the
[[Page 2250]]
cleaning procedures in Section 8.1.1.1 of this method.
8.1.1.2 Adsorbent Module. Load the modules in a clean area to avoid
contamination. Spike modules before the sampling event, but do not
spike the modules in the field. Fill a module with 20 to 40 g of XAD-2.
Add the pre-sampling standard spike for each of the compound classes to
be measured to the top quarter of the adsorbent bed. Add sufficient
spike (picograms (pg)/module) to result in the final theoretical
concentrations specified in Tables 23-7, 23-8, and 23-9 of this method
for PCDDs/PCDFs, PAHs, and PCBs, respectively. For samples with known
or anticipated target compound concentration significantly higher or
lower than the specified amount in these tables, add a pre-sampling
spike amount appropriate to the expected native compound concentration,
but no less than 10 times the EDL. Follow the XAD-2 with cleaned glass
wool and tightly cap both ends of the module. For analysis that include
PAH, use spiked modules within 14 days of preparation. See Table 23-10
of this method for storage conditions.
8.1.1.3 Sampling Train. Figure 23-1 of this method shows the
complete sampling train. Follow the best practices by maintaining all
sampling train components according to the procedure described in APTD-
0576 Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation of Isokinetic Source-
sampling Equipment (U.S. EPA 1972).
8.1.1.4 Silica Gel. Weigh several 200 to 300 g portions of silica
gel in an air-tight container to the nearest 0.5 g. Record the total
weight of the silica gel plus container on the outside of each
container. As an alternative, directly weigh the silica gel in its
impinger or sampling holder just prior to sampling.
8.1.1.5 Filter. Check each filter against light for irregularities
and flaws or pinhole leaks. Pack the filters flat in a clean glass
container. Do not mark filters with ink or any other contaminating
substance.
8.1.2 Preliminary Determinations. Use the procedures specified in
Section 8.2 of Method 5 of appendix A-3 to 40 CFR part 60.
8.1.2.1 Sample Volume. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable
rule, permit, or other requirement, sample for a minimum of 2 minutes
at each traverse point. This method recommends sampling a minimum of
2.5 dry standard cubic meters (dscm).
8.1.2.2 For continuously operating processes, use the same sampling
time at each traverse point. To avoid timekeeping errors, use an
integer, or an integer plus one-half minute, for each traverse point.
8.1.2.3 For batch processes, determine the minimum operating cycle
duration, dividing the sampling time evenly between the required
numbers of traverse points. After sampling all traverse points once,
sample each point again for the same duration of time per sampling
point in reverse order until the operating cycle is completed. Sample
all traverse points at least once during each test run.
8.1.3 Preparation of Sampling Train.
8.1.3.1 During field preparation and assembly of the sampling
train, keep all train openings where contamination can enter sealed
until just prior to assembly or until sampling is about to begin. To
protect the adsorbent module from radiant heat and sunlight, you must
wrap the module with aluminum foil or other suitable material capable
of shielding the module from light. The XAD-2 adsorbent resin
temperature must never exceed 50 [deg]C (122 [deg]F) because thermal
decomposition will occur. Clean and prepare a complete set of sampling
train components that will contact the sample for each sampling run,
including one complete set to be used as a field train proof blank as
described in Section 9.6 of this method.
8.1.3.2 Place approximately 100 mL of water in the second and third
impingers but leave the first and fourth impingers empty. Transfer
approximately 200 g or more of silica gel from its container to the
fifth impinger. Weigh each impinger and the adsorbent module, including
the fitting caps, to the nearest 0.5 g using the field balance and
record the weight for moisture determination. Remove the aluminum foil
from the adsorbent module before weighing. Keep the module out of
direct sunlight and rewrap the module with foil immediately after
recording the module weight.
8.1.3.3 Using tweezers or clean disposable surgical gloves, place a
filter in the filter holder. Be sure that the filter is properly
centered, and the gasket properly placed, to prevent the sample gas
stream from circumventing the filter. Check the filter for tears after
completing the assembly.
8.1.3.4 Prepare the inside of the sampling probe and nozzle by
brushing each component while rinsing three times each with acetone and
toluene. Install the selected nozzle. You may use connecting systems
described in Section 6.1.2 of this method. Mark the probe with heat
resistant tape or by some other method to denote the proper distance
into the stack or duct for each sampling point. Assemble the train as
shown in Figure 23-1 of this method. Orient the adsorbent module
vertically so condensed moisture drains into the first impinger. See
APTD-0576 Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation of Isokinetic Source-
sampling Equipment (U.S. EPA 1972) for details.
8.1.3.5 Turn on the recirculation pump to the adsorbent module and
condenser coil and begin monitoring the temperature of the gas entering
the adsorbent module. Ensure proper temperature of the gas entering the
adsorbent module before proceeding.
8.1.4 Leak-Check Procedure. Same as Section 8.4 of Method 5 of
appendix A-3 to 40 CFR part 60.
8.1.5 Sampling Train Operation. Same as Sections 8.5.1 through
8.5.9 of Method 5 of appendix A-3 to 40 CFR part 60.
8.1.5.1 Monitor the filter temperature sensor and record the filter
temperature during sampling to ensure a sample gas temperature exiting
the filter of 120 [deg]C 14 [deg]C (248 [deg]F 25 [deg]F), or such other temperature as specified by an
applicable subpart of the standards or approved by the Administrator
for an application of this method.
8.1.5.2 During testing, you must record the temperature of the gas
entering the XAD-2 adsorbent module. The temperature of the gas must
not exceed 20 [deg]C (68 [deg]F) for efficient capture of the target
compounds.
8.2 Sample Recovery. Begin the cleanup procedure as soon as the
probe is removed from the stack at the end of the sampling period. Seal
the nozzle end of the sampling probe with PTFE tape or clean (e.g.,
toluene rinsed) aluminum foil. This method recommends using clean
glassware prepared following Section 8.1.1.1 of this method for each
sample set in a test series.
8.2.1 When the probe can be safely handled, wipe off all external
particulate matter near the tip of the probe. Conduct a post-test leak
check. Remove the probe from the train and close off both ends with
PTFE tape or clean aluminum foil. Seal off the inlet to the train with
PTFE tape, a ground glass cap, or clean aluminum foil.
8.2.2 Transfer the probe and impinger assembly to the cleanup area.
This method recommends cleaning and enclosing this area to minimize the
chances of losing or contaminating the sample. To avoid sample
contamination and unnecessary exposure to toxic chemicals, smoking or
eating in the sample recovery area shall not be allowed.
8.2.3 Inspect the train prior to and during disassembly. Note and
record
[[Page 2251]]
any abnormal conditions (e.g., broken filters, colored impinger
liquid). Recover and prepare samples for shipping as follows in
Sections 8.2.4 through 8.2.12 of this method.
8.2.4 Container No. 1. Either seal the filter holder or carefully
remove the filter from the filter holder and place it in its identified
container. If it is necessary to remove the filter, use a pair of
cleaned tweezers to handle the filter. If necessary fold the filter
such that the particulate cake is inside the fold. Carefully transfer
to the container any particulate matter and filter fibers that adhere
to the filter holder gasket by using a dry inert bristle brush and a
sharp-edged blade. Seal the container and store cool (<= 20 3 [deg]C, 68 5 [deg]F) for transport to the
laboratory.
8.2.5 Adsorbent Module Sample. Remove the module from the train,
tightly cover both ends with fitting caps and PTFE tape, remove the
foil, drain the recirculating water from the module, weigh and record
the module weight, and label the adsorbent module. Moisture measurement
in the field using the Method 23 train requires weighing the adsorbent
module before the sampling run and after sampling as part of the sample
recovery.
8.2.6 Container No. 2. Quantitatively recover material deposited in
the nozzle, the front half of the filter holder, and the cyclone, if
used, by brushing while rinsing three times with acetone followed by
three rinses with toluene. Collect all the rinses in Container No. 2.
8.2.7 Rinse the back half of the filter holder three times with
acetone followed by three rinses with toluene. Rinse the sample
transfer line between the filter and the condenser three times with
acetone followed by three rinses with toluene. If using a separate
condenser and adsorbent module, rinse the condenser three times with
acetone followed by three rinses with toluene. Collect all the rinses
in Container No. 2 and mark the level of the liquid on the container.
8.2.8 Moisture Weight. Weigh the adsorbent module, impingers, and
silica gel impinger to within 0.5 g using the field
balance and record the weights. This information is required to
calculate the moisture content of the effluent gas. For PCDD/PCDF-only
measurements, discard the liquid after measuring and recording the
weight.
8.2.9 Container No. 3. You must save and analyze impinger water
samples if PAHs and/or PCBs are the target compounds. Quantitatively
recover impinger water samples for analysis if PAHs and/or PCBs are the
target compounds by rinsing three times with acetone followed by three
rinses with toluene. Collect impinger water and rinses in Container No.
3 and mark the level of the liquid on the container.
8.2.10 Silica Gel. Note the color of the indicating silica gel to
determine if it has been completely spent and report its condition on
the field data sheet.
8.2.11 Field Sample Handling, Preservation, Storage, and Transport.
Store all field samples temporarily in cool (<= 20 3
[deg]C, 68 5 [deg]F) and dark conditions prior to
transport to the laboratory. Ship samples cool (<= 20 3
[deg]C, 68 5 [deg]F), shielded from ultraviolet light. In
addition, follow the procedures in ASTM D6911-15 (Guide for Packaging
and Shipping Environmental Samples for Laboratory Analysis) for all
samples, where appropriate. To avoid contamination of the samples, pay
special attention to cleanliness during transport, field handling,
sampling, recovery, and laboratory analysis, as well as during
preparation of the adsorbent cartridges.
8.2.12 Sample Custody. Proper procedures and documentation for
sample chain of custody are critical to ensuring data integrity. Follow
the chain of custody procedures in ASTM D4840-99(2018)e1 (Standard
Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures) for all samples
(including field samples and blanks).
8.3 Sample Storage Conditions and Laboratory Hold Times.
8.3.1 Table 23-10 of this method summarizes the sample storage
conditions and laboratory hold times.
8.3.2 Store sampling train rinses and filter samples in the dark at
6 [deg]C (43 [deg]F) or less from the time the laboratory receives the
samples until analysis.
8.3.3 You may store adsorbent samples for PCDDs/PCDFs or PCBs prior
to extraction in the dark at 6 [deg]C (43 [deg]F) or less for up to one
year from the time the laboratory receives the samples.
8.3.4 Protect adsorbent samples destined for PAH analysis from
ultraviolet light. You may store adsorbent samples for PAH analysis at
6 [deg]C (43 [deg]F) or less for up to 30 days from the time the
laboratory receives the samples.
8.3.5 Analyze PAH extracts within 45 days of extraction.
8.3.6 You may store sample aliquots including archived extracts of
PCDD/PCDF, PAH and/or PCB samples in the dark at -10 [deg]C (14 [deg]F)
or less for up to one year.
9.0 Quality Control
Note: In recognition of advances that are occurring in sampling
and analytical technology, and to allow the test team to overcome
analyte sensitivity and matrix interferences, this method allows
certain options to increase sample collection volume and to improve
separations and the quality of the analysis results for target
analytes. It is the laboratory's responsibility to establish the
conditions for optimum sample extraction, cleanup, and concentration
to meet the performance criteria in this method. However, you may
not change the fundamental sampling and analysis techniques,
isokinetic sampling with an adsorbent collection media followed by
sample extraction, and HRMS detection and isotopic dilution
quantification procedures. Section 13 of this method specifies the
performance criteria to ensure that options employed for a sample
set and analytes of interest are equal to or better than the
specificity of the techniques in this method. This method recommends
performing a media blank (i.e., batch blank) assessment to evaluate
an individual laboratory's performance against the performance
criteria in this method. At a minimum, evaluate changes within the
alternatives allowed in this method using a media blank sample to
re-demonstrate that the performance criteria are achieved.
9.1 Record and report data and information that will allow an
independent reviewer to validate the determination of each target
compound concentration. At a minimum, record and report the data as
described in Sections 9.1.1 through 9.1.7 of this method.
9.1.1 Sample numbers and other sample identifiers. Each sample must
have a unique identifier.
9.1.2 Field sample volume.
9.1.3 Field sampling date.
9.1.4 Extraction dates.
9.1.5 Analysis dates and times.
9.1.6 Analysis sequence/run chronology.
9.1.7 Quantitation Reports.
9.1.7.1 This method does not consider EPC-flagged data to be zero
concentrations. Calculate the EPC separately for each quantitation ion,
if present, and report the lower value as the EPC.
9.1.7.2 In determining compliance with any PCDD and PCDF standard
developed using zero for values that are below the detection level of
the method, including federal emission standards using Method 23
promulgated under 40 CFR parts 60 and 63 prior to [DATE OF PUBLICATION
OF THE FINAL RULE], use zero for the determination of total and
weighted concentrations when the target compound is not detected. For
all other circumstances, unless otherwise specified in applicable
regulations, permits, or other requirements, when a target compound is
measured at or below EDL, use EDL as the concentration for calculating
compliance.
9.1.7.3 You must report your EDLs with analysis results.
[[Page 2252]]
9.1.8 Performance criteria results (See Section 13 of this method).
9.2 Isotopically Labeled Spike Recovery Results.
9.2.1 Pre-sampling Adsorbent Spike and Pre-extraction Filter Spike
Recoveries. Pre-sampling adsorbent and pre-extraction filter spike
recoveries must demonstrate on a per sample basis that recovery of the
labeled standard achieved the requirements in Section 13 of this
method. Recoveries below the acceptable range for the pre-sampling
spikes may be an indication of breakthrough in the sampling train.
9.2.1.1 If the recovery of all the pre-sampling adsorbent spike
standards is below 70 percent, the sampling runs are not valid, and you
must repeat the invalid runs. As an alternative, you do not have to
repeat the invalid sampling runs if the average pre-sampling adsorbent
spike recovery is 25 percent or more and you divide the final results
by the average fraction of pre-sampling adsorbent spike recovery.
9.2.1.2 If the recovery of the pre-extraction filter spike is below
70 percent, the filter sampling extraction recovery is not valid, and
you must flag the test run results.
9.2.2 Pre-extraction Spike Recoveries. Pre-extraction spike
recoveries must demonstrate on a per sample basis that recovery of the
labeled standard achieved the requirements in Section 13 of this
method. Recoveries below the acceptable range for pre-extraction spikes
are an indication that sample preparation procedures did not adequately
address sample and or sample matrix processing to recover native target
compounds.
9.2.3 Pre-analysis Spike Recoveries. Pre-analysis spike recoveries
must demonstrate on a per sample basis that adequate labeled standard
signal meets the requirements in Section 13 of this method. Add pre-
analysis standards to every sample (including blanks, quality control
samples, and calibration solutions) in a known concentration. You may
analyze archive samples to attempt meeting requirements for the
compounds that do not meet the pre-analysis recovery criteria.
Recoveries below the acceptable range for pre-analysis spikes are an
indication that sample injection or instrument drift has failed beyond
the ability to correct using pre-analysis standard results.
9.3 Capillary GC columns must be able to achieve the separation
resolution specified in Sections 13.3, 13.4, and/or 13.5 of this method
for the target compounds analyzed in test samples.
9.4 Batch Blank Samples. Evaluate chromatographic separation
performance, spiking errors, and continuing calibration checks using a
batch blank sample prepared from typical filter and absorbent media,
spiked with isotopically labeled compounds and extracted identically to
the procedures used to prepare samples. Analyze batch blank samples at
least once during each analytical sequence or every 24 hours, whichever
period is shorter. Section 13.2 of this method describes the
performance criteria for field train proof blank assessment samples and
batch blank samples.
9.5 Detection Limits. Calculate the EDL using the equation in
Section 12.11 of this method. If the field train proof blank or the
batch blank results are above the EDL, calculate and report the test-
specific and compound-specific DLs equal to the sum of the EDL and the
larger of the batch or field train proof blank results. If the field
train proof blank and the batch blank results are equal to or less than
the EDL, report the test-specific and compound-specific DLs as the EDL.
9.6 Field Train Proof Blank Assessment. Conduct at least one field
train proof blank for each test series at a single facility. A field
train proof blank train consists of a fully assembled train at the
sampling site. Prepare and assemble the blank train in a manner
identical to that described in Sections 8.1.3 and 8.1.4 of this method.
The blank train must remain assembled for the same average amount of
time samples are collected. Recover the blank train as described in
Section 8.2 of this method. Follow all subsequent steps for blank train
sample preparation and analysis used for field train samples including
data reporting.
10.0 Calibration and Standardization
10.1 Sampling System. Same as Sections 6.1 and 10.1 through 10.7 of
Method 5 of appendix A-3 to 40 CFR part 60.
10.2 HRGC/HRMS System.
10.2.1 Mass Resolution. Tune the HRMS instrument to a mass
resolution (R) of at least 10,000 at 5 percent of the peak height or
25,000 at 50 percent of the peak height where resolution is calculated
as an R = M/[Delta]M, where M is the resolving power and [Delta]M is
the peak width. You may use peak matching and the chosen perfluoro-
kerosene (PFK) or perfluorotributylamine (FC43) reference peak to
verify that the exact mass is within 5 ppm of the required value.
Assess the resolution at three m/z ranges representing the low, mid and
high m/z range of the masses used to measure the target compound class.
10.2.2 Initial Calibration. Calibrate the HRGC/HRMS system using a
minimum of five concentrations over a range that brackets typical field
sample concentrations and the concentration of isotopically labeled
standards in spiked samples. Tables 23-11, 23-12, and/or 23-13 of this
method, as applicable to the compound classes analyzed, show the
calibration concentrations recommended by this method. Perform
calibration and subsequent analyses on an absolute mass (pg/microliter
([mu]L)) basis. The recommended calibration range ensures isotopic
labels can be accurately distinguished from native compounds and
provides the initial response factors that are corrected by isotopic
recovery.
10.2.2.1 Lock Channels. Tables 23-4, 23-5, and 23-6 of this method
provide the recommended mass spectrometer lock channels for PCDD/PCDFs,
PAHs, and PCBs, respectively. You may use PFK or FC43 as your lock mass
standard. Monitor the quality control check channels specified in these
tables to verify instrument stability during the analysis. Flag data
resulting from failure to maintain lock channel signal during analysis.
10.2.2.2 The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the mean
response factor from each of the unlabeled analytes and isotopically
labeled compounds used in an analysis must be less than or equal to the
values in Table 23-14 of this method.
10.2.2.3 The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for the MS signal present
in every selected ion current profile must be greater than or equal to
10 in all concentrations of calibration standards for unlabeled targets
and isotopically labeled standards. The ion abundance ratios must be
within the control limits in Table 23-15 of this method.
10.2.3 Daily Performance Check.
10.2.3.1 Continuing Calibration Check. Inject a mid-level
calibration standard C4 from Table 23-11, 23-12, or 23-13 of this
method for the compound class being analyzed at least once every 24
hours during an analysis sequence. Calculate the RRF for each compound
and compare each RRF to the corresponding mean RRF obtained during the
initial calibration. The analyzer performance is acceptable if the
measured RRFs for the labeled compounds for a 24-hour period are within
the limits of the values shown in Table 23-14 of this method. The RRF
for each native compound measured in a CCV must not deviate from the
initial calibration by more than the limits shown in this table.
10.2.3.2 The ion abundance ratios must be within the allowable
control limits shown in Table 23-15 of this method.
[[Page 2253]]
10.2.3.3 Repeat the initial calibration when there is a failure to
meet the requirements for acceptable continuing calibration check
analysis.
10.2.3.4 Column Separation Check. Use the results from a continuing
calibration check sample to verify and document the resolution required
in Sections 13.3, 13.4, or 13.5 of this method for the compound classes
analyzed with this method.
10.2.3.5 If you use a confirmation column, perform the resolution
check in Section 10.2.3.4 of this method to document the required
resolution on the confirmation column.
11.0 Analysis Procedure
11.1 Sample Extraction and Concentration. The sample extraction
procedures in this method are the same for PCDD, PCDF, PCB and PAH
targets. Figure 23-4 provides a flow chart showing sample container
combination and extraction steps. Do not allow samples and extracts
destined for PAH or PCB analysis to concentrate to dryness because the
lower molecular weight PAHs and the mono- through tri-chlorobiphenyls
may be totally or partially lost.
11.1.1 Optional Soxhlet Precleaning. Place an extraction thimble
(see Section 6.3.3.3 of this method) and a plug of glass wool into the
Soxhlet apparatus equipped with a Dean-Stark trap, charge the apparatus
with toluene, and reflux for a minimum of 3 hours. Remove the toluene
and discard it. Remove the extraction thimble from the extraction
system and place it in a glass beaker to catch the solvent rinses from
sample transfer to the extraction thimble. Retain the clean glass wool
plug. Alternatively, confirm that the batch blank for reagents,
materials, and media meets the performance requirements in Section 13
of this method.
11.1.2 Container No. 1 (Filter) Preparation. Spike the filter with
the appropriate pre-extraction filter recovery standard solution(s)
shown in Tables 23-7, 23-8, and 23-9 of this method taking care that
all spike liquid is distributed on the filter. Allow the filter to air
dry, then transfer the filter and the contents of Container No. 1
directly to the glass extraction thimble in the glass solvent rinse
catch beaker so that the filter will be completely immersed in the
solvent during extraction.
11.1.3 Adsorbent Module. Transfer the adsorbent material to the
glass extraction thimble in the glass solvent rinse catch beaker. Rinse
the module into the thimble in the beaker with the contents of
Container No. 1. Alternatively, suspend the adsorbent module directly
over the extraction thimble in a beaker, then, using a wash bottle
containing methanol, flush the XAD-2 into the thimble onto the filter.
Thoroughly rinse the interior of the glass module that contained the
XAD-2 with toluene.
11.1.4 Container No. 2 (Acetone and Toluene Rinses). Concentrate
the sample to a volume of no less than 5 mL. Concentrate samples
containing toluene using a heating mantle and three-ball Snyder column
or a rotary evaporator. Rinse sample Container No. 2 three times with
small portions of toluene and add these to the concentrated solution
and concentrate further to no less than 5 mL. This residue contains
particulate matter removed in the rinse of the train probe and nozzle.
Rinse the concentrated material from Container No. 2 into the glass
extraction thimble containing the filter and the XAD-2 resin.
11.1.5 Transfer the solvent contained in the collection beaker to
the extraction apparatus solvent reservoir. Rinse the beaker into the
Soxhlet extraction apparatus solvent reservoir three times with small
portions of toluene.
11.1.6 Container No. 3 (Impinger Water and Rinses). For PAH and PCB
analysis, transfer the contents of Container No. 3 to a separatory
funnel. Adjust to pH 2 with 6 N sulfuric acid, if necessary. Rinse the
sample container with three successive 10-mL aliquots of the toluene
and these rinses to the separatory funnel. Extract the sample by
vigorously shaking the separatory funnel for 5 minutes. After complete
separation of the phases, remove the solvent and filter it through a
bed of precleaned, dry sodium sulfate into the Soxhlet extraction
apparatus solvent reservoir. Repeat the extraction step two additional
times. Adjust the pH to 11 with 6 N sodium hydroxide, re-extract the
impinger water and rinses, and filter it through a bed of precleaned,
dry sodium sulfate into the Soxhlet extraction apparatus solvent
reservoir. Rinse the sodium sulfate into the extraction apparatus
solvent reservoir with fresh solvent and discard the desiccant.
11.1.7 Add the appropriate pre-extraction spikes for the compound
classes being analyzed (Tables 23-7, 23-8, and 23-9 of this method) to
the extraction thimble containing the combined filter and adsorbent
sample fractions. Cover the contents of the extraction thimble with the
cleaned glass wool plug to prevent the XAD-2 resin from splashing into
the solvent reservoir of the extractor. Place the extraction thimble
into the Soxhlet extraction apparatus.
11.1.8 Pour additional toluene to fill the reservoir approximately
two-thirds capacity. Add PTFE boiling chips and assemble the apparatus.
11.1.9 Adjust the heat source to cause the extractor to cycle
approximately three times per hour. Extract the sample for sufficient
time to meet the pre-extraction spike recovery performance criteria in
Section 13 of this method. The solvent should cycle completely through
the system a minimum of 48 times.
Note: Samples containing high carbon particulate loading, such
as those collected downstream of an activated carbon injection
system, may require extended extraction time or treatment such as
those described in Stieglitz 1986.
11.2 Sample Aliquots for Cleanup and Analysis.
11.2.1 After extraction, allow the Soxhlet apparatus to cool.
11.2.2 Initial Extract Concentration. You may perform an initial
concentration of the sample extract using the techniques (e.g., Kuderna
Danish, rotary evaporation, nitrogen blowdown) found to recover pre-
extraction isotopically labeled compounds sufficient to meet the
performance criteria in Section 13 of this method. Concentrate initial
extracts in toluene using a heating mantle and three-ball Snyder column
or a rotary evaporator. Concentrate the field train proof blank and
batch blank samples in the same manner as samples.
Note: For samples requiring PCB or PAH analysis, you should
perform the initial concentration using a three-ball Snyder column
on the original extraction receiver flask. To meet isotopically
label spike recoveries for low molecular weight PAHs and PCBs, do
not evaporate samples to dryness.
11.2.3 Allow the sample to cool. You should use a minimum of one
half of the sample extract for PCDD/PCDF analysis. You may archive the
remaining sample extract or further split the extract for PCB and/or
PAH analysis and archive.
11.2.4 If necessary, further concentrate the sample for cleanup and
analysis using concentration techniques (e.g., Kuderna Danish, rotary
evaporation, nitrogen blowdown) found to recover pre-extraction
isotopically labeled compounds sufficient to meet the performance
criteria in Section 13 of this method.
11.3 Sample Cleanup and Fractionation. You may process a separate
aliquot/split of the sample extract for each of the compound classes
[[Page 2254]]
analyzed by this method. Sample cleanup for each compound class may
include techniques in addition to column chromatography such as acid/
base back-extraction or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
to isolate target compounds from interferences. This section includes a
description of column chromatography shown to meet the performance
criteria in Sections 9.2 and 13 of this method. The following sample
cleanup and fractionation procedures are recommended but not required.
You may modify cleanup column dimensions to meet manual or automated
cleanup procedures as technology changes and improves. You must
evaluate the cleanup and fractionation procedures used to confirm
acceptable recovery of isotopically labeled standards. The alternative
procedures must provide sufficient cleanup to meet method
identification criteria (Section 11.4.3.4 of this method) and recovery
criteria (Section 9.2 of this method). Section 13 of this method
summarizes the method performance requirements.
Note: Recommendations in this section provide a cleanup
approach that may allow multiple compound class measurement from a
single aliquot of the original sample extract. Typically,
Florisil[supreg] and alumina are used to separate PAH and
chlorobiphenyl ether compounds from PCDD and PCDF target compounds.
Use acid, neutral, and basic silica gel and cleanup procedures to
remove nonpolar and polar interferences from samples destined for
PCB and PCDD/PCDF analysis. Use Carbopack[supreg]/Celite[supreg] (or
other equivalent carbon-based column material) to remove other
nonpolar interferences.
11.3.1 PAH and PCDEs Fractionation and Cleanup. You may use a
Florisil[supreg] column to remove PAHs and PCDEs from a sample. You may
also fractionate samples using Florisil[supreg] as the first cleanup
step to separate PAH for analysis.
Note: High concentrations of PAHs may interfere with mass
spectrometer lock mass or saturate the source, leading to failure of
performance criteria for PCDD/PCDF or PCB analysis.
11.3.1.1 Pack a 6-mm ID chromatographic column or equivalent
diameter glass pipet with a glass wool plug followed by approximately
1.5 g (approximately 2 mL) of activated Florisil[supreg]. Add
approximately 1 cm (approximately 1 mL) of anhydrous sodium sulfate
followed by a glass wool plug to the head of the column. Pre-elute the
column with 10 mL of methylene chloride followed by 10 mL of hexane and
discard the eluate.
11.3.1.2 When the solvent is within 1 mm of the packing, transfer
the concentrated extract (up to 5 mL) to the top of the
Florisil[supreg] column, rinse the sample container twice with 1 to 2
mL of hexane, adding each rinse to the column, and elute the column
with 35 mL of 5-percent dichloromethane in hexane. This fraction
(Fraction 1) should contain target PCBs, and selected hydrocarbons and
chlorinated monoaromatic compounds.
11.3.1.3 Elute the column with 35 mL of 15-percent of
dichloromethane in hexane and collect the eluate. This fraction
(Fraction 2) should contain target PCDD/PCDF compounds.
11.3.1.4 Elute the column with 50 mL of 50-percent dichloromethane
in hexane. The fraction (Fraction 3) should contain target PAHs.
11.3.1.5 If necessary to remove any remaining polar organic
compounds, elute the column with 70 mL of 15-percent acetone in hexane.
11.3.2 PCDD/PCDF and PCB Fractionation and Cleanup. You may remove
PAHs from the original aliquot of extract used for PCDD/PCDF analysis
as described in Section 11.3.1 of this method. Design the column
cleanup chromatography for PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs such that two
consecutive fractions are collected (one with PCDD/PCDFs and one with
PCBs) without impacting the DLs. Depending on the source and sample
matrix of the original sample, one or more of the following column
cleanup approaches may be necessary to remove polyhalogenated diphenyl
ethers. You may use any number of permutations found in the referenced
literature for this cleanup if the pre-extraction standard recoveries
from field and batch blank samples meet the associated performance
criteria in Section 13 of this method. Alternatively, you may use an
automated cleanup approach that meets the labeled spike recovery
requirements in Section 13 of this method.
11.3.2.1 Silica Gel Column Chromatography. Pack one end of a glass
column, approximately 20 mm ID x 230 mm long, with glass wool. Add in
sequence to the glass column, 1 g of silica gel, 2 g of sodium
hydroxide impregnated silica gel, 1 g of silica gel, 4 g of acid-
modified silica gel, 1 g of silica gel, and 1 cm layer of anhydrous
sodium sulfate. Pre-elute the column with 30 to 50 mL of hexane leaving
a small quantity of hexane above the sodium sulfate layer. Discard the
pre-elution hexane. Add the sample extract, dissolved in 5 mL of hexane
to the head of the column. Allow the sample to flow into the column
leaving a small quantity of hexane above the sodium sulfate layer.
Rinse the extract container with two additional 5-mL rinses of hexane
and apply each rinse to the column separately as the previous addition
elutes. Elute the column with an additional 90 mL of hexane and retain
the entire eluate. Concentrate this solution to a volume of about 1 mL
using the nitrogen evaporative concentrator (see Section 6.3.5 of this
method).
11.3.2.2 Silver Nitrate Silica Gel Column Chromatography. Pack a
column (6 mm ID, 150 mm in length) sequentially with 1 g of silica gel
and 1 g of 10-percent silver nitrate silica gel followed by a layer of
about 10 mm of sodium sulfate (anhydrous). Wash the column sufficiently
with hexane, elute until the liquid level reaches to the upper end of
the column, and then load the sample solution that is concentrated
under vacuum to be about 5 mL. Wash the inner side several times with a
small amount of hexane, elute with 200 mL of hexane at a flow rate
about 2.5 mL/min (approximately one drop per second) to elute PCDDs.
11.3.2.3 Multi-layer Silica Gel Column Chromatography. You may use
a multi-layer silica gel column in place of separate silica columns.
Pack a column of 20 mm ID and 300 mm in length sequentially by the dry
pack method with 0.9 g of silica gel, 3.0 g of 2-percent potassium
hydroxide silica gel, 0.9 g of silica gel, 4.5 g of 44-percent sulfuric
acid silica gel, 6.0 g of 22-percent sulfuric acid silica gel, 0.9 g of
silica gel, 3.0 g of 10-percent silver nitrate silica gel, 2.0 g of
silica gel and 6.0 g of sodium sulfate (anhydrous). Wash the column
sufficiently with hexane, elute until the liquid level reaches to the
upper end of the column, and then load the sample solution. Wash the
inner side of the transfer vessel several times with a small amount of
hexane, elute with 150-200 mL of hexane at a flow rate about 2.5 mL/min
(approximately one drop per second) to elute PCDDs/PCDFs.
11.3.2.4 Basic Alumina Column Chromatography. Pack a column (20 mm
ID, 300 mm in length) with approximately 6 to 12 g of basic alumina.
Pre-elute the column with 50 to 100 mL of hexane. Transfer the
concentrated extract from the previous column cleanup to the top of the
basic alumina column. Allow the sample to flow into the column leaving
a small quantity of solvent above the top of the bed. Rinse the extract
container with two additional 1-mL rinses of hexane and apply each
rinse to the column separately as the previous addition elutes. Elute
the column with 100 mL hexane to remove the interferences. Elute the
PCDDs/PCDFs from the column with 20 to 40 mL of 50-percent
[[Page 2255]]
methylene chloride in hexane. The ratio of methylene chloride to hexane
may vary depending on the activity of the alumina used in the column
preparation. Do not let the head of the column go without solvent. The
first 100 mL hexane eluate is not used for subsequent PCDD/PCDF
analysis. The eluate is concentrated to approximately 0.5 mL using the
nitrogen evaporative concentrator.
11.3.2.5 Carbopack[supreg] C/Celite[supreg] 545 Column or
Equivalent. Cut both ends from a 10 mL disposable Pasteur pipette (see
Section 6.4.1 of this method) to produce a 10 cm column. Fire-polish
both ends and flare both ends if desired. Insert a glass wool plug at
one end and pack the column with 0.55 g of Carbopack[supreg]/
Celite[supreg] (see Section 7.8.9.4 of this method) to form an
adsorbent bed approximately 2 cm long. Insert a glass wool plug on top
of the bed to hold the adsorbent in place. Pre-elute the column with 5
mL of toluene followed by 2 mL of methylene chloride:methanol:toluene
(15:4:1 v/v), 1 mL of methylene chloride:cyclohexane (1:1 v/v), and 5
mL of hexane. If the flow rate of eluate exceeds 0.5 mL/minute, discard
the column. Do not let the head of the column go without solvent. Add
the sample extract to the column. Rinse the sample container twice with
1 mL portions of hexane and apply separately to the column. Apply 2 mL
of hexane to the head of the column to complete the transfer. Elute the
interfering compounds with two 3 mL portions of hexane, 2 mL of
methylene chloride:cyclohexane (1:1 v/v), and 2 mL of methylene
chloride:methanol:toluene (15:4:1 v/v). Discard the eluate. Invert the
column and elute the PCDDs/PCDFs with 20 mL of toluene. If carbon
particles are present in the eluate, filter through glass-fiber filter
paper. Concentrate the eluate to approximately 0.5 mL using the
nitrogen evaporative concentrator for further cleanup or analysis by
HRGC/HRMS.
11.4 PCDD, PCDF, PCB and PAH Analysis.
11.4.1 Analyze the sample with an HRGC/HRMS using the instrumental
parameters in Sections 11.4.2 and 11.4.3 of this method.
11.4.1.1 Immediately prior to analysis, add an aliquot (typically
20 microliters ([micro]l)) of the pre-analysis standard solution(s)
from Table 23-7, 23-8, or 23-9 of this method to each sample as
appropriate for the compounds you are measuring by this method.
11.4.1.2 Inject an aliquot of the sample extract into the GC. You
may perform separate analyses using different GC columns for each of
the target compound classes. A 1-[micro]l aliquot of the extract is
typically injected into the GC. Perform calibration and analysis for
each target compound class using the same sample injection volume and
concentration calculations.
11.4.1.2.1 If target compounds are not resolved sufficient from
other target compounds or interferences in the sample to meet the
requirements in Section 10.2.3.4 or 10.2.3.5 of this method, as
applicable to the compound class being analyzed, or as otherwise
specified in an applicable regulation, permit, or other requirement,
analyze another aliquot of the sample using an alternative column that
provides elution order to uniquely quantify the target compounds
subject to interference on the first GC column.
11.4.1.2.2 You may use column systems other than those recommended
in this method provided the analyst is able to demonstrate, using
calibration and performance checks, that the alternative column system
is able to meet the applicable specifications of Section 10.2.3.4 or
10.2.3.5 of this method.
11.4.2 Example Gas Chromatograph Operating Conditions.
11.4.2.1 Injector. Configured for capillary column, splitless, 250
[deg]C (482 [deg]F).
11.4.2.2 Carrier Gas. Helium, 1 to 2 mL/min.
11.4.2.3 Oven. Optimize the GC temperature program to achieve the
required separation and target compound recovery for the GC column in
use. Table 23-16 of this method presents the typical conditions for a
DB5-MS column.
11.4.3 High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer.
11.4.3.1 Ionization Mode. Electron ionization.
11.4.3.2 Source Temperature. Maintain the source temperature in the
range of 250 to 300 [deg]C (482 to 572 [deg]F).
11.4.3.3 Ion Monitoring Mode. Tables 23-4, 23-5, and 23-6 of this
method summarize the various ions to be monitored for PCDD/PCDFs, PAHs,
and PCBs, respectively.
11.4.3.4 Identification Criteria for Target Compounds. Use the
following identification criteria for the characterization of target
compounds in this method. The available native and isotopically labeled
standards allow the unique identification of all PCDD/PCDF, PAH, and
selected PCB congeners required in this method. Also see Sections 13.12
and 13.13 of this method for identification criteria for PCDD/PCDF/PCB
and PAH target compounds, respectively.
11.4.3.4.1 For PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs, Table 23-15 of this method
provides the integrated ion abundance ratio of primary and secondary
target compound ions for the identification of target compounds. When
the ion abundance ratio for a target analyte is outside the performance
criteria, you may reanalyze samples on an alternative GC column to
resolve chemical interferences, tune the mass spectrometer to operate
at a higher mass resolution to discriminate against the
interference(s), and/or reprocess an archived sample through the
cleanup procedure to remove the interference(s). Report analysis
results that do not meet the identification criteria as an estimated
maximum possible concentration (EPC). Calculate the EPC separately for
each quantitation ion, if present, and report the lower value as the
EPC. This method does not consider EPC-flagged data to be zero
concentrations.
Note: Some EPCs are caused by poor ion statistics when the
concentration of the target compound is at or near the DL. If you
use the primary ion to determine and report the target compound
concentration in these cases, reanalysis of samples is not
necessary.
11.4.3.4.2 The retention time for the analytes must be within 3
seconds of the corresponding \13\ C-labeled pre-extraction standard.
11.4.3.4.3 The signals for the two exact masses in Tables 23-4 and
23-6 of this method for PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs, respectively, must be
present and must reach their maximum response within two seconds of
each other.
11.4.3.4.4 Identify and quantify specific target compounds or
isomers that do not have corresponding \13\ C-labeled standards by
comparing to the pre-extraction labeled standard of the same compound
class with the nearest retention time to target compound.
11.4.3.4.5 For the identification of specific PCB isomers, the
retention time of the native congener must be within 0.006 relative
retention time (RRT) units of the pre-extraction isotopically labeled
standard.
11.4.3.4.6 For qualitative identification, the S/N ratio for the GC
signal present in every selected ion current profile for native
compound response must be greater than or equal to 2.5. The ion
abundance ratios must be within the control limits in Table 23-15 of
this method for the compound class measured.
11.4.3.4.7 The confirmation of 2,3,7,8-TeCDD and 2,3,7,8-TeCDF must
satisfy the separation criteria in Section
[[Page 2256]]
10.2.3.4 of this method and all the identification criteria specified
in Sections 11.4.3.4.1 through 11.4.3.4.6 of this method.
11.4.3.4.8 Chlorodiphenyl Ether Interference. If chromatographic
peaks are detected at the retention time of any PCDDs/PCDF in any of
the m/z channels used to monitor chlorodiphenyl ethers, there is
evidence of a positive interference and you may opt to flag data noting
the interference and keep the value to calculate PCDD/PCDF
concentration as EPC or conduct a complete reanalysis to remove or
shift the interference. This method recommends alumina (see Section
11.3.2.4 of this method) and Florisil[supreg] (see Section 11.3.1 of
this method) liquid column chromatography packing materials for removal
of chlorodiphenyl ethers during sample cleanup.
11.4.3.4.9 Set the mass spectrometer lock channels as specified in
Tables 23-4, 23-5, and 23-6 of this method for PCDD/PCDFs, PAHs, and
PCBs, respectively. Monitor the quality control check channels to
verify instrument stability during the analysis. If the signal varies
by more than 25 percent from the average response, flag results for all
isomers at corresponding retention time as QCF. You have the option to
conduct additional cleanup procedures on an archived portion of the
sample if the archive is available, or dilution the original sample and
reanalysis or follow other quality review that demonstrates the target
analyte and its corresponding isotopically labeled standard are equally
affected by the change in the control check channels. When you conduct
a complete reanalysis, reanalyze all concentration calculations based
on the reanalyzed sample.
11.4.3.4.10 Identification Criteria for PAHs. The RRT between each
native and labeled compound must be within 0.006 RRT units. The signals
for the characteristic ion listed in Table 23-5 of this method must be
present.
11.4.3.5 Quantitation. Measure the response of each native target
compound and the corresponding pre-extraction standard. Use the
equation in Section 12.7 of this method to sum the peak areas for the
two quantitation ions monitored for each analyte and calculate the mass
of the target compound(s) in the injection using the CCV RF. Use the
pre-extraction recovery standard compounds to correct the homologous
congener results for variations in recovery from the extraction,
cleanup, and concentration steps of the analysis. Recovery of pre-
extraction standards must meet minimum specifications (in Section 9.2.
of this method) to ensure that the method performance and reliability
have not been compromised by unacceptable losses during sample
processing. Table 23-17 of this method shows the assignments for single
isotopically labeled compounds for use in calculating the response
factor and the concentrations of PCBs. Recoveries of all labeled
standards must meet the minimum recovery specifications in this method
and unacceptably low recoveries are an indication of the sample
processing step that caused the low recoveries.
11.4.3.5.1 Use Eq. 23-7 to calculate the mass of each target
compound or group in the extract.
11.4.3.5.2 Use Eq. 23-8 to calculate the mass per dscm of each
target compound or group in the sample.
11.4.3.5.3 Quantify indigenous PCDD and PCDF in its homologous
series using the corresponding native and pre-extraction standard
response in its homologous series. For example, use \13\C12-
2,3,7,8-tetra chlorinated dibenzodioxin to calculate the concentrations
of all other tetra chlorinated isomers.
11.4.3.5.4 As an option or as required or specified in applicable
regulations, permits, or other requirements, you may quantify any or
all other PCB congeners as resolved or coeluting combinations using the
response of the nearest eluting native target PCB and the response of
the pre-extraction isotopic label assigned in appendix A to this
method.
11.4.3.5.5 As an option or as required or specified in applicable
regulations, permits, or other requirements, report the total
concentration of congeners at a given level of chlorination (homolog;
i.e., total TrCB, total PeCB, total HxCB) by summing the concentrations
of all congeners identified in the retention time window for the
homologs as assigned in appendix A to this method.
11.4.3.5.6 As an option or if required in an applicable regulation,
permit or other requirement, total chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) may be
reported by summing all congeners identified at all window-defined
congeners (WDCs) as assigned in appendix A to this method.
12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations
Note: Same as Section 12 of Method 5 of appendix A-3 to 40 CFR
part 60, with the following additions.
12.1 Nomenclature.
Aai = Integrated ion current (area) of the noise for the primary
and secondary m/z values at the retention time of the analyte.
A*ci = Integrated ion current (area) of the primary and secondary
m/z values of the pre-extraction (internal) standard i in the
calibration standard.
A1l = Integrated ion current of the primary m/z values
for the isotopically labeled compound (assigned in Tables 23-4, 23-5,
and 23-6 of this method).
A1n = Integrated ion current of the primary m/z values
for the target native compound.
A2l = Integrated ion current of the secondary m/z's for
the isotopically labeled compound. For PAH A2l = 0.
A2n = Integrated ion current of the secondary m/z values
for the target native compound. For PAH A2n = 0.
Cl = The concentration of the labeled compound used to
perform isotope recovery correction, pg/[mu]L. Tables 23-4, 23-5, and
23-17 of this method provide the compound mass assignments.
Cn = The concentration of the target native compound,
pg/[mu]L.
Ci = Concentration of target native compound i in the
sample, pg/[mu]L.
Cidscm = Concentration of target native compound i in
the emission gas, pg/dscm.
Ciext = Concentration of target native compound i in the
extract, pg.
CT = Total concentration of target compounds in the
sample, pg/[mu]L.
D = Difference in the RRF of the continuing calibration
verification compared to the average RRF of the initial calibration,
percent (%).
dscm = Dry standard cubic meters of gas volume sample measured by
the dry gas meter, corrected to standard conditions.
Hai = Summed heights of the noise at the retention time
of the analyte in the two analyte channels.
H*ci = Summed heights of the noise at the primary and secondary m/
z's of the pre-extraction standard i in the calibration standard.
mi = Mass of compound i, pg.
m*i = Mass of pre-extraction (internal standard)
compound i, pg.
n = Number of values.
NOAAT = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration isotopic
labeled congener for PCB of interest.
R* = Recovery of labeled compound standards, %.
RRFi = Relative response factor of a target compound at
calibration level i.
RRFccv = Relative response factor of a target compound
in the continuing calibration verification.
RSD = Relative standard deviation, in this case, of RRFs over the
five calibration levels, %.
SDRRF = Standard deviation of initial calibration RRFs.
Vext = Extract volume, [mu]L.
[[Page 2257]]
WHOT = World Health Organization acronym used to designate WHO
isotopic labeled toxic analog.
WDC = Window-defined congener representing an isotopically labeled
PCB that defines the beginning or end of a retention time window
bracketing a PCB homolog level of chlorination.
12.2 Individual Compound RRF for Each Calibration Level i. The
equation for the response factor of each target native compound
relative to its labeled pre-extraction spike analog includes the
integrated ion current of both the primary and secondary m/z values for
each compound in the calibration standard. Use this equation to
calculate the RRF for the continuing calibration verification for
comparison to the average RRF from the initial calibration.
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12.3 Average RRF for Each Compound Over the Five Calibration
Levels.
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12.4 Percent RSD of the RRFs for a Compound Over the Five
Calibration Levels. The requirement for the initial calibration RSD is
in Section 13.10 and Table 23-14 of this method.
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12.5 Standard Deviation of the RRFs for a Compound Over the Five
Calibration Levels.
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12.6 Percent Difference of the RRF of the Continuing Calibration
Verification Compared to the Average RRF from the Initial Calibration
for Each Target Compound. The requirement for the continuing
calibration verification percent difference is in Section 13.11 and
Table 23-14 of this method.
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12.7 Concentration of Individual Target Compound i in the Extract
by Isotope Dilution (pg/[mu]L). This equation corrects for the target
native compound recovery by its labeled pre-extraction spike analog. To
accomplish this the pre-extraction spike, labeled compound levels must
remain constant.
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12.8 Concentration of the Individual Target Compound i in the
Sample Extract (pg).
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12.9 Mass of the Individual Target Compound or Group i in the
Emission Gas (pg/dscm).
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12.10 Recovery of Labeled Compound Standards. Use this equation to
determine the recovery of any labeled compounds, including pre-sampling
spikes, pre-extraction filter spike, pre-extraction spikes, pre-
analysis spikes. The recovery performance criteria for these spikes is
in Sections 13.15, 13.16, and 13.17 of this method.
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12.11 Estimated Detectable Limit (EDL).
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12.12 Total Concentration.
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Note: Unless otherwise specified in applicable regulations,
permits or other requirements, count any target compounds reported
as non-detected as EDL when calculating the concentration of target
compounds in the sample.
13.0 Method Performance
13.1 Residual Toluene Quality Check. If adsorbent resin is cleaned
or recleaned by the laboratory, a quality control check for residual
toluene must be <=1,000 [mu]g/g of adsorbent. See appendix B to this
method for procedures to assess residual toluene.
13.2 Field Train Proof Blank and Batch Blank Sample Assessment.
Conduct at least one field train proof blank for each test series at a
single facility or sampling location. Analyze at least one batch blank
sample during an analytical sequence or every 24 hours, whichever is
shorter. Native target compound concentrations must be less than or
equal to three times the EDL of the method or 10 times lower than the
quantitation limit required by the end use of the data, whichever is
higher. If blank assessment fails this criterion, flag sample data from
this test with explanation that the blank samples failed the method
criteria.
13.3 GC column systems used to measure PCDD/PCDFs must meet the
column separation requirements in Section 6.5.2.1 of this method and
the applicable requirements in Sections 10.2.3.4 and 11.4.3.4 of this
method using calibration and batch blank performance checks. Failure to
meet this chromatographic resolution criterion requires data from this
analysis to be flagged explaining the potential bias of the results. A
mid-concentration standard containing all of the native target PCDD/
PCDFs may be used to demonstrate this requirement.
13.4 GC column systems used to measure PAHs must meet the column
separation requirements in Section 6.5.2.2 of this method and the
applicable requirements in Sections 10.2.3.4 and 11.4.3.4 of this
method using calibration and batch blank performance checks. Failure to
meet this chromatographic resolution criterion requires data from this
analysis to be flagged explaining the potential bias of the results.
13.5 GC systems used to measure PCBs must meet the column
separation requirements in Section 6.5.2.3 of this method and the
applicable requirements in Sections 10.2.3.4 and 11.4.3.4 of this
method of this method using calibration and batch blank performance
checks, and be able to achieve unique resolution and identification of
the toxics for determination of a TEQPCB using TEFs
(American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1984).
13.6 Confirmation Column. If target compounds are not sufficiently
resolved from other target compounds or interferences in the sample to
meet the requirements for target compounds in Sections 13.3, 13.4, and/
or 13.5 of this method, analyze another aliquot of the sample in a
separate run using an alternative column that provides elution order to
uniquely quantify the target compounds subject to interference on the
first GC column.
13.7 Detection Limits. If the DLs as determined in Section 9.5 of
this method meet the target DLs shown in Tables 23-18, 23-19, and 23-20
of this method for the target compounds determined with this method,
the DLs
[[Page 2258]]
are considered acceptable. If the compound specific DLs are less than
50 percent of the emission standard, the DLs are acceptable. If the DL
requirements are not met, you must flag native compound data that fails
to meet these criteria and provide a description of the impact on the
data as part of the quality narrative for the sample analyses.
13.8 Tune. Tune the HRGC/HRMS to meet the isotopic ratio criteria
listed in Table 23-15 of this method.
13.9 Lock Channels. MS lock and quality control channels
recommended in Tables 23-4, 23-5, and 23-6 of this method for PCDD/
PCDFs, PCBs, or PAHs, respectively, must not vary >25 percent from the
average response. You may use PFK or perfluorotributylamine (FC43) as
your lock mass standard. You may choose lock masses within a SIM
descriptor window that demonstrates the least interference. Monitor the
quality control check channels specified in these tables to verify
instrument stability during the analysis. Flag data resulting from
failure to maintain lock channel signal or quality control check signal
during analysis (QCF).
13.10 Initial Calibration.
13.10.1 The RSD for mean RRF from each of the target analytes and
labeled standards in the calibration samples must not exceed the values
in Table 23-14 of this method.
13.10.2 The S/N in every selected ion current profile must be >=10
for all unlabeled targets and labeled standards in the calibration
samples.
13.10.3 The ion abundance ratios must be within the control limits
in Table 23-15 of this method.
13.11 Continuing Calibration.
13.11.1 The RRF for each unlabeled and labeled compound measured in
a continuing calibration verification must not deviate from the initial
calibration by more than the limits shown in Table 23-14 of this
method.
13.11.2 The ion abundance ratios must be within the control limits
in Table 23-15 of this method.
13.12 Compound Identification for PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs.
13.12.1 Target compounds must have ion abundance ratios within the
control limits in Table 23-15 of this method. When the ion abundance
ratio for a target analyte is outside the performance criteria, report
the results as EPC (see Section 3.7 of this method). PAH target
compounds have single ion identifiers with no ion abundance ratio
requirement.
13.12.2 Report analysis results that do not meet the identification
criteria as an EPC.
13.12.3 The Retention time (RT) for the analytes must be within 3
seconds of the corresponding labeled pre-extraction standard.
13.12.4 The monitored ions, shown in Table 23-4 of this method for
a given PCDD/PCDF, must reach their maximum response within 2 seconds
of each other.
13.12.5 The monitored ions, shown in Table 23-6 of this method for
a given PCB, must reach their maximum response within 2 seconds of each
other.
13.12.6 For the identification of specific PCB isomers, the
retention time of the native congener must be within 0.006 RRT units of
the pre-extraction standard RRT.
13.12.7 The chromatographic overlap of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF, and 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF peaks with interference peaks
must not exceed 25 percent.
13.12.8 Identify and quantify isomers that do not have
corresponding labeled pre-extraction standards by comparing to the pre-
extraction labeled standard of the same compound class with the nearest
RT to the target compound.
13.12.9 If chromatographic peaks are detected at the RT of any
PCDD/PCDF in any of the m/z channels used to monitor chlorophenyl
ethers, there is evidence of interference and positive bias. Data must
be flagged to indicate an interference. You may report the total with
bias for the affected target. To reduce the bias, you may use a
confirmatory column or perform additional clean up on an archived
sample followed by reanalysis.
13.13 Compound Identification for PAHs.
13.13.1 The signals for the characteristic ion listed in Table 23-5
of this method must be present.
13.13.2 The RRT between each native and labeled compound must be
within 0.006 RRT units.
13.14 Filter, Adsorbent Resin, Glass Wool, Water and Laboratory
Batch Blank Quality Control Check. Target levels must be <= three times
the EDL of the method or 10 times lower than the quantitation limit
required by the end use of the data, whichever is higher.
Note: You must analyze batch blank samples at least once during
each analytical sequence or every 24 hours, whichever is shorter.
13.15 Pre-sampling Spike Recovery and Pre-extraction Filter Spike
Recovery. Recoveries of all pre-sampling isotopically labeled spike
compounds standards added to the sample and all pre-extraction filter
recovery spike compounds added to the filter must be between 70 and 130
percent (Tables 23-7, 23-8, and 23-9 of this method).
13.15.1 If the recovery of the pre-sampling spike is below 70
percent, the sampling runs are not valid, and you must repeat the
invalid runs. As an alternative, you do not have to repeat the invalid
sampling runs if the average pre-sampling adsorbent spike recovery is
25 percent or more and you divide the final results by the average
fraction of pre-sampling adsorbent spike recovery.
13.15.2 If the recovery of the pre-extraction filter spike is below
70 percent, the sampling recovery is not valid, and you must flag the
test run results.
13.16 Pre-extraction Spike Recovery. Recoveries of all pre-
extraction isotopically labeled spike compounds standards added to the
sample must be between 20 to 130 percent for PCDD/PCDFs and PAHs
(Tables 23-7 and 23-8 of this method) and between 20 to 145 percent for
PCBs (Table 23-9 of this method).
13.17 Pre-analysis Spike Sensitivity. Response of all pre-analysis
isotopically labeled spike compounds must show a S/N for every selected
ion current profile of >=10. Poor sensitivity compared to initial
calibration response may indicate injection errors or instrument drift.
13.18 Requirements for Equivalency. The Administrator considers any
modification of this method, beyond those expressly permitted in this
method as options, to be a major modification subject to application
and approval of alternative test procedures following EPA Guidance
Document 22 currently found at: https://www.epa.gov/emc/emc-guideline-documents.
13.19 Records. As part of the laboratory's quality system, the
laboratory must maintain records of modification to this method.
14.0 Pollution Prevention
The target compounds used as standards in this method are prepared
in extremely small amounts and pose little threat to the environment
when managed properly. Prepare standards in volumes consistent with
laboratory use to minimize the disposal of excess volumes of expired
standards.
15.0 Waste Management
15.1 The laboratory is responsible for complying with all federal,
state, and local regulations governing waste management, particularly
the hazardous waste identification rules and land disposal
restrictions, and for protecting the air, water, and land by minimizing
and controlling all releases from fume
[[Page 2259]]
hoods and bench operations. The laboratory must also comply with any
sewage discharge permits and regulations. The EPA's Environmental
Management Guide for Small Laboratories (EPA 233-B-98-001) provides an
overview of requirements.
15.2 Samples containing hydrogen chloride or sulfuric acid to pH <2
are hazardous and must be neutralized before being poured down a drain
or must be handled as hazardous waste.
15.3 For further information on waste management, consult The Waste
Management Manual for Laboratory Personnel and Less is Better-
Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction, available from the
American Chemical Society's Department of Government Relations and
Science Policy, 1155 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036.
16.0 Bibliography
1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Analytical Procedures
to Assay Stack Effluent Samples and Residual Combustion Products for
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDD) and Polychlorinated
Dibenzofurans (PCDF). Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy and
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. December 1984. 23
p.
2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Sampling for the
Determination of Chlorinated Organic Compounds in Stack Emissions.
Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Washington DC. December 1984. 25 p.
3. Fishman, V.N., Martin, G.D. and Lamparski, L.L., Comparison of a
variety of gas chromatographic columns with different polarities for
the separation of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by
high-resolution mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A 1139
(2007) 285-300.
4. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Environmental
Carcinogens Methods of Analysis and Exposure Measurement, Volume 11--
Polychlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans. IARC Scientific Publications
No. 108, 1991.
5. Stieglitz, L., Zwick, G., Roth, W. Investigation of different
treatment techniques for PCDD/PCDF in fly ash. Chemosphere 15: 1135-
1140; 1986.
6. Triangle Laboratories. Case Study: Analysis of Samples for the
Presence of Tetra Through Octachloro-p-Dibenzodioxins and
Dibenzofurans. Research Triangle Park, NC. 1988. 26 p.
7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 8290--The Analysis
of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans
by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass
Spectrometry. In: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. Washington,
DC. SW-846.
8. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Programs
Publication No. APTD-0576: Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation of
Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment. Research Triangle Park, NC. March
1972.
9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1625C-Semivolatile
Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GCMS.
10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1613B-Tetra-
through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/
HRMS.
11. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1668C-Chlorinated
Biphenyl Congeners in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and Tissue by
HRGC/HRMS.12. Tondeur, Y., Nestrick, T., Silva, H[eacute]ctor A.,
Vining, B., Hart, J. Analytical procedures for the determination of
polychlorinated-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and
hexachlorobenzene in pentachlorophenol, Chemosphere Volume 80, Issue 2,
June 2010 pages 157-164.
17.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data
Table 23-1--Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin and Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Target Analytes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAS \a\ registry CAS \a\ registry
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins number Polychlorinated dibenzofurans No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,3,7,8-TeCDD............................. 1746-01-6 2,3,7,8-TeCDF................. 51207-31-9
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD........................... 40321-76-4 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF............... 57117-41-6
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD......................... 39227-28-6 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF............... 57117-31-4
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD......................... 57653-85-7 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF............. 70648-26-9
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD......................... 19408-74-3 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF............. 57117-44-9
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD....................... 35822-46-9 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF............. 72918-21-9
Total TeCDD............................... 41903-57-5 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF............. 60851-34-5
Total PeCDD............................... 36088-22-9 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF........... 67562-39-4
Total HxCDD............................... 34465-4608 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF........... 55673-89-7
Total HpCDD............................... 37871-00-4 Total TeCDF................... 55722-27-5
Total OCDD................................ 3268-87-9 Total PeCDF................... 30402-15-4
Total HxCDF................... 55684-94-1
Total HpCDF................... 38998-75-3
Total OCDF.................... 39001-02-0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Chemical Abstract Service.
[[Page 2260]]
Table 23-2--Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Target Analytes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAS \a\ registry Polycyclic aromatic CAS \a\ registry
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons No. hydrocarbons No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naphthalene................................ 91-20-3 Chrysene..................... 218-01-9
2-Methylnapthalene......................... 91-57-6 Benzo[b]fluoranthene......... 205-99-2
Acenaphthylene............................. 208-96-8 Benzo[k]fluoranthene......... 207-08-9
Acenaphthene............................... 83-32-9 Perylene..................... 198-55-8
Fluorene................................... 86-73-7 Benzo[a]pyrene............... 50-32-8
Anthracene................................. 120-12-7 Benzo[e]pyrene............... 192-92-2
Phenanthrene............................... 85-01-8 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene......... 191-24-2
Fluoranthene............................... 206-44-0 Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene....... 193-39-5
Pyrene..................................... 129-00-0 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene........ 53-70-3
Benzo[a]anthracene......................... 56-55-3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Chemical Abstract Service.
Table 23-3--Polychlorinated Biphenyl Target Analytes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASb Registry No. CAS b Registry
PCB congener BZ No.a PCB congener BZ No.a No.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,4'-DiCB...................................... 8 34883-43-7 2,2',3,3',4,4'-HxCB.............. 128 38380-07-3
2,2',5-TrCB.................................... 18 37680-65-2 2,2',3,4,4',5'-HxCB.............. 138 35065-28-2
2,4,4'-TrCB.................................... 28 7012-37-5 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HxCB.............. 153 35065-27-1
2,2',3,5'-TeCB................................. 44 41464-39-5 2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB............... 156 38380-08-4
2,2',5,5'-TeCB................................. 52 35693-99-3 2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB.............. 157 69782-90-7
2,3',4,4'-TeCB................................. 66 32598-10-0 2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB.............. 167 52663-72-6
3,3',4,4'-TeCB................................. 77 32598-13-3 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB.............. 169 32774-16-6
3,4,4',5-TeCB.................................. 81 70362-50-4 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-HpCB............ 170 35065-30-6
2,2',4,5,5'-PeCB............................... 101 37680-73-2 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-HpCB............ 180 35065-29-3
2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB............................... 105 32598-14-4 2,2',3,4',5,5',6-HpCB............ 187 52663-68-0
2,3,4,4',5-PeCB................................ 114 74472-37-0 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB............ 189 39635-31-9
2,3',4,4',5-PeCB............................... 118 31508-00-6 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6-OcCB.......... 195 52663-78-2
2',3,4,4',5-PeCB............................... 123 65510-44-3 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-NoCB....... 206 40186-72-9
3,3',4,4',5-PeCB............................... 126 57465-28-8 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-DeCB.... 209 2051-24-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a BZ No.: Ballschmiter and Zell 1980, or International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) number.
b Chemical Abstract Service.
Table 23-4--Elemental Compositions and Exact Masses of the Ions Monitored by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for PCDDs and PCDFs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ion type b Elemental Target analyte b Elemental
Mass a composition Mass a Ion typeb composition Target analyte b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
263.9871....... LOCK C5F10N............ FC43.............. 383.8639....... M 13C12H235Cl6O..... HxCDF (S).
292.9825....... LOCK C7F11............. PFK............... 385.8610....... M+2 13C12H235Cl537ClO. HxCDF (S).
303.9016....... M C12H435Cl4O....... TeCDF............. 389.8157....... M+2 C12H235Cl537ClO2.. HxCDD.
305.8987....... M+2 C12H435Cl37O...... TeCDF............. 391.8127....... M+4 C12H235Cl437Cl2O2. HxCDD.
313.9839....... QC C6F12N............ FC43.............. 392.9760....... LOCK C9F15............. PFK.
315.9419....... M 13C12H435Cl4O..... TeCDF (S)......... 401.8559....... M+2 13C12H235Cl537ClO2 HxCDD (S).
316.9745....... M+2 13C12H435Cl4O..... TeCDF (S)......... 403.8529....... M+4 13C12H235Cl437Cl2O HxCDD (S).
317.9389....... M+2 13C12H435Cl337ClO. TeCDF (S)......... 425.9775....... QC C9F16N............ FC43.
319.8965....... M C12H435ClO2....... TeCDD............. 445.7555....... M+4 C12H235Cl637Cl2O.. OCDPE.
321.8936....... M+2 C12H435Cl337ClO2.. TeCDD............. 407.7818....... M+2 C12H35Cl637ClO.... HpCDF.
325.9839....... QC C7F12N............ FC43.............. 409.7789....... M+4 C12H35Cl537Cl2O... HpCDF.
327.8847....... M C12H437Cl4O2...... TeCDD (S)......... 417.8253....... M 13C12H35Cl7O...... HpCDF (S).
330.9792....... QC C7F13............. PFK............... 419.8220....... M+2 13C12H35Cl637ClO.. HpCDF (S).
331.9368....... M 13C12H435Cl4O2.... TeCDD (S)......... 423.7766....... M+2 C12H35Cl637ClO2... HpCDD.
333.9339....... M+2 13C12H435Cl37ClO2. TeCDD (S)......... 425.7737....... M+4 C12H35Cl537Cl2O2.. HpCDD.
339.8597....... M+2 C12H335Cl437ClO... PeCDF............. 430.9729....... QC C9F17............. PFK.
341.8567....... M+4 C12H335Cl337Cl2O.. PeCDF............. 435.8169....... M+2 13C12H35Cl637ClO2. HpCDD (S).
354.9792....... LOCK C9F13............. PFK............... 437.8140....... M+4 13C12H35Cl537Cl2O2 HpCDD (S).
351.9000....... M+2 13C12H335Cl437ClO. PeCDF (S)......... 442.9728....... LOCK C10F17............ PFK.
353.8970....... M+4 13C12H335Cl3537Cl2 PeCDF (S)......... 479.7165....... M+4 C12H35Cl737Cl2O... NCPDE.
O.
355.8546....... M+2 C12H335Cl337ClO2.. PeCDD............. 430.9729....... LOCK C9F17............. PFK.
357.8516....... M+4 C12H335Cl337Cl2O2. PeCDD............. 441.7428....... M+2 C1235Cl737ClO..... OCDF.
367.8949....... M+2 13C12H335Cl437ClO2 PeCDD (S)......... 443.7399....... M+4 C1235Cl637Cl2O.... OCDF.
369.8919....... M+4 13C12H335Cl337Cl2O PeCDD (S)......... 457.7377....... M+2 C1235Cl737ClO2.... OCDD.
2.
375.9807....... QC C8F14N............ FC43.............. 459.7348....... M+4 C1235Cl637Cl2O2... OCDD.
375.8364....... M+2 C12H435Cl537ClO... HxCDPE............ 463.9743....... QC C9F18N............ FC43.
409.7974....... M+2 C12H335Cl637ClO... HpCPDE............ 469.7779....... M+2 13C1235Cl737ClO2.. OCDD (S).
373.8208....... M+2 C12H235Cl537ClO... HxCDF............. 471.7750....... M+4 13C1235Cl637Cl2O2. OCDD (S).
375.8178....... M+4 C12H235Cl437Cl2O.. HxCDF............. 513.6775....... M+4 C1235Cl837Cl2O2... DCDPE.
375.9807....... QC C8F14N............ FC43.............. 442.9728....... QC C10F17............ PFK.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a The following nuclidic masses were used to calculate exact masses: H = 1.007825, C = 12.000000, 13C = 13.003355, F = 18.9984, O = 15.994915, 35Cl =
34.968853, 37Cl = 36.965903.
b (S) = Labeled Standard. QC = Ion selected for monitoring instrument stability during the HRGC/HRMS analysis.
[[Page 2261]]
Table 23-5--Elemental Compositions and Exact Masses of the Ions Monitored by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
for PAHs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elemental
Aromatic ring No. Mass a Ion type b composition Target analyte
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2................................ 128.0624 M C10H8............ Naphthalene.
130.9920 LOCK PFK/FC43.
2................................ 134.0828 M 13C612C4H8....... 13C6-Naphthalene.
2................................ 142.078 M C11H10........... 2-
Methylnaphthalen
e.
2................................ 148.0984 M 13C612C5H10...... 13C6-2-
Methylnaphthalen
e.
2................................ 152.0624 M C12H8............ Acenaphthylene.
2................................ 158.0828 M 13C612C6H8....... 13C6-
Acenaphthylene.
2................................ 154.078 M C12H10........... Acenaphthene.
2................................ 160.078 M 13C612C6H10...... 13C6-
Acenaphthene.
2................................ 166.078 M C13H10........... Fluorene.
169.988 QC PFK/FC43.
2................................ 172.0984 M 13C612C7H........ 13C6-Fluorene.
3................................ 178.078 M C14H10........... Phenanthrene.
3................................ 184.0984 M 13C6 12C8H10..... 13C6-
Phenanthrene.
3................................ 178.078 M C14H10........... Anthracene.
3................................ 184.078 M 13C612C8H10...... 13C6-Anthracene.
3................................ 202.078 M C16H10........... Fluoranthene.
204.9888 QC PFK.
3................................ 208.0984 M 13C612C10H10..... 13C6-
Fluoranthene.
4................................ 202.078 M C16H10........... Pyrene.
4................................ 205.078 M 13C312C13H10..... 13C3-Pyrene.
213.9898 QC FC43.
218.9856 LOCK FC43.
4................................ 228.0936 M C18H12........... Benzo[a]anthracen
e.
230.9856 LOCK PFK.
4................................ 234.114 M 13C6C12H12....... 13C6-
Benzo[a]anthrace
ne.
4................................ 228.0936 M C18H12........... Chrysene.
4................................ 234.114 M 13C612C12H12..... 13C6-Chrysene.
4................................ 252.0936 M C20H12........... Benzo[b]fluoranth
ene.
4................................ 258.114 M 13C612C14H12..... 13C6-
Benzo[b]fluorant
hene.
4................................ 252.32 M C20H12........... Benzo[k]fluoranth
ene.
4................................ 258.114 M 13C6127C14H12.... 13C6-
Benzo[k]fluorant
hene.
5................................ 252.0936 M C20H12........... Benzo[e]pyrene.
5................................ 256.1072 M 13C412C16H12..... 13C4-
Benzo[e]pyrene.
5................................ 256.1072 M 13C412C16H12..... 13C4-
Benzo[a]pyrene.
5................................ 252.0936 M C20H12........... Benzo[a]pyrene.
5................................ 252.0936 M C20H12........... Perylene.
5................................ 264.1692 M C20D12........... d12-Perylene.
268.9824 QC PFK.
263.9871 LOCK FC43.
6................................ 276.0936 M C22H12........... Indeno[1,2,3-
cd]pyrene.
6................................ 282.114 M 13C612C16H12..... 13C6-
Indeno[1,2,3,cd]
pyrene.
5................................ 278.1092 M C22H14........... Dibenz[a,h]anthra
cene.
280.9824 LOCK PFK.
5................................ 284.1296 M 13C612C16H14..... 13C6-
Dibenz[a,h]anthr
acene.
6................................ 276.0936 M C22H12........... Benzo[g,h,i]peryl
ene.
6................................ 288.1344 M 13C1212C10H12.... 13C12-
Benzo[g,h,i]pery
lene.
313.9839 QC FC43.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Isotopic masses used for accurate mass calculation: 1H = 1.0078, 12C = 12.0000, 13C = 13.0034, 2H = 2.0141.
b LOCK = Lock-Mass Ion PFK or FC43. QC = Quality Control Check Ion.
Table 23-6--Elemental Compositions and Exact Masses of the Ions Monitored by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
for PCBs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elemental
Chlorine substitution Mass a Ion type b composition Target analyte
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fn-1; Cl-1....................... 188.0393 M 12C12H935Cl...... Cl-1 PCB
190.0363 M+2 12C12H937Cl...... Cl-1P CB
200.0795 M 13C12H935Cl...... 13C12Cl-1 PCB
202.0766 M+2 12C12H937Cl...... 13C12Cl-1 PCB
218.9856 LOCK C4F9............. PFK
Fn-2; Cl-2,3..................... 222.0003 M 12C12H835Cl2..... Cl-2 PCB
223.9974 M+2 12C12H835Cl37 Cl. Cl-2 PCB
225.9944 M+4 12C12H837Cl2..... Cl-2 PCB
234.0406 M 13C12H835Cl2..... 13C12Cl-2 PCB
236.0376 M+2 13C12H835 Cl37Cl. 13C12Cl-2 PCB
242.9856 C4 F9 C4 F9............ PFK
255.9613 M 12C12H735Cl3..... Cl-3 PCB
257.9584 M+2 12C12H735Cl237Cl. Cl-3 PCB
268.0016 M 13C12H735Cl3..... 13C12 Cl-3 PCB
269.9986 M+2 13C12H735Cl2 37Cl 13C12 Cl-3 PCB
Fn-3; Cl-3,4,5................... 255.9613 M 12C12H735Cl3..... Cl-3 PCB
257.9584 M+2 12C12H735Cl2 37Cl Cl-3 PCB
259.9554 M+4 12C12H735Cl37Cl2. Cl-3 PCB
268.0016 M 13C12H735Cl3..... 13C12 Cl-3 PCB
269.9986 M+2 13C12H735Cl237Cl. 13C12 Cl-3 PCB
280.9825 LOCK C6F11............ PFK
289.9224 M 12C12H635Cl4..... Cl-4 PCB
291.9194 M+2 12C12H635Cl337Cl. Cl-4 PCB
[[Page 2262]]
293.9165 M+4 12C12H635Cl2 Cl-4 PCB
37Cl2.
301.9626 M 13C12H635Cl4..... 13C12Cl-4 PCB
303.9597 M+2 13C12H635Cl3 37Cl 13C12Cl-4 PCB
323.8834 M 12C12H535Cl5..... Cl-5 PCB
325.8804 M+2 12C12H535Cl4 37Cl Cl-5 PCB
327.8775 M+4 12C12H535Cl3 Cl-5 PCB
37Cl2.
337.9207 M+2 13C12H535Cl4 37Cl 13C12Cl-5 PCB
339.9178 M+4 13C12H535Cl3 13C12Cl-5 PCB
37Cl2.
Fn-4; Cl-4,5,6................... 289.9224 M 12C12H635Cl4..... Cl-4 PCB
291.9194 M+2 12C12H635Cl3 37Cl Cl-4 PCB
293.9165 M+4 12C12H635Cl2 Cl-4 PCB
37Cl2.
301.9626 M+2 13C12H635Cl3 37Cl 13C12Cl-4 PCB
303.9597 M+4 13C12H635Cl2 13C12Cl-4 PCB
37Cl2.
323.8834 M 12C12H535Cl5..... Cl-5 PCB
325.8804 M+2 12C12H535Cl4 37Cl Cl-5 PCB
327.8775 M+4 12C12H5 35Cl3 Cl-5 PCB
37Cl2.
330.9792 LOCK C7F15............ PFK
337.9207 M+2 13C12H535Cl4 37Cl 13C12Cl-5 PCB
339.9178 M+4 13C12H535Cl3 13C12Cl-5 PCB
37Cl2.
359.8415 M+2 13C12H435Cl5..... 37Cl Cl-6 PCB
361.8385 M+4 13C12H435Cl4 Cl-6 PCB
37Cl2.
363.8356 M+6 12C12H435Cl3 Cl-6 PCB
37Cl3.
371.8817 M+2 13C12H435Cl5 37Cl 13C12Cl-6 PCB
373.8788 M+4 13C12H435Cl4 13C12Cl-6 PCB
37Cl2.
Fn-5; Cl-5,6,7................... 323.8834 M 12C12H535Cl5..... Cl-5 PCB
325.8804 M+2 12C12H535Cl4 37Cl Cl-5 PCB
327.8775 M+4 12C12H535Cl3 Cl-5 PCB
37Cl2.
337.9207 M+2 13C12H535Cl4 37Cl 13C12Cl-5 PCB
339.9178 M+4 13C12H535Cl3 13C12Cl-5 PCB
37Cl2.
354.9792 LOCK C9F13............ PFK
359.8415 M+2 12C12H435Cl5 37Cl Cl-6 PCB
361.8385 M+4 12C12H435Cl4 Cl-6 PCB
37Cl2.
363.8356 M+6 12C12H435Cl3 Cl-6 PCB
37Cl3.
371.8817 M+2 13C12H435Cl5 37Cl 13C12Cl-6 PCB
373.8788 M+4 13C12H435Cl4 13C12Cl-6 PCB
37Cl2.
393.8025 M+2 12C12H335Cl6 37Cl Cl-7 PCB
395.7995 M+4 12C12H335Cl5 Cl-7 PCB
37Cl2.
397.7966 M+6 12C12H335Cl4..... 37Cl3 Cl-7 PCB
405.8428 M+2 13C12H335Cl6 37Cl 13C12Cl-7 PCB
407.8398 M+4 13C12H335Cl5 13C12Cl-7 PCB
37Cl2.
454.9728 QC C11F17........... PFK
Fn-6; Cl-7,8,9,10................ 393.8025 M+2 12C12H335Cl6 37Cl Cl-7 PCB
395.7995 M+4 12C12H335Cl5 Cl-7 PCB
37Cl2.
397.7966 M+6 12C12H335Cl4..... 37Cl3 Cl-7 PCB
405.8428 M+2 13C12H335Cl6 37Cl 13C12Cl-7 PCB
407.8398 M+4 13C12H335Cl5 13C12Cl-7 PCB
37Cl2.
427.7635 M+2 12C12H235Cl7 37Cl Cl-8 PCB
429.7606 M+4 12C12H235Cl6 Cl-8 PCB
37Cl2.
431.7576 M+6 12C12H235Cl5 Cl-8 PCB
37Cl3.
439.8038 M+2 13C12H235Cl7 37Cl 13C12Cl-8 PCB
441.8008 M+4 13C12H235Cl6 13C12Cl-8 PCB
37Cl2.
454.9728 QC C11F17........... PFK
427.7635 M+2 12C12H235Cl7 37Cl Cl-8 PCB
429.7606 M+4 12C12H235Cl6 Cl-8 PCB
37Cl2.
431.7576 M+6 12C12H235Cl5 Cl-8 PCB
37Cl3.
439.8038 M+2 13C12H235Cl7 37Cl 13C12Cl-8 PCB
441.8008 M+4 13C12H235Cl6 13C12Cl-8 PCB
37Cl2.
442.9728 QC C10F17........... PFK
454.9728 LOCK C11F17........... PFK
461.7246 M+2 12C12H135Cl8 37Cl Cl-9 PCB
463.7216 M+4 12C12H135Cl7 Cl-9 PCB
37Cl2.
465.7187 M+6 12C12H135Cl6 Cl-9 PCB
37Cl3.
473.7648 M+2 13C12H135Cl8 37Cl 13C12Cl-9 PCB
475.7619 M+4 13C12H135Cl7 13C12Cl-9 PCB
37Cl2.
495.6856 M+2 13C12H435Cl9 37Cl Cl-10 PCB
499.6797 M+4 12C1235Cl737Cl3.. Cl-10 PCB
501.6767 M+6 12C1235Cl637Cl4.. Cl-10 PCB
507.7258 M+2 13C12H435Cl9 37Cl 13C12Cl-10 PCB
509.7229 M+4 13C12H435Cl8 13C12Cl-10 PCB
37Cl2.
511.7199 M+6 13C12H435Cl8 13C12Cl-10 PCB
37Cl4.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Isotopic masses used for accurate mass calculation: 1H = 1.0078, 12C = 12.0000, 13C = 13.0034, 35Cl = 34.9689,
37Cl = 36.9659, 19F = 18.9984. An interference with PFK m/z 223.9872 may preclude meeting 10:1 S/N for the
DiCB congeners at optional Calibration Level 1 (Table 23-12). If this interference occurs, 10:1 S/N must be
met at the Calibration Level 2.
b LOCK = Lock-Mass Ion PFK or FC43. QC = Quality Control Check Ion.
[[Page 2263]]
Table 23-7--Composition of the Sample Fortification and Recovery Standard Solutions for PCDDs and PCDFs a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amount (pg/[mu]L of final Spike recovery
Compound extract) b (percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-sampling Adsorbent Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-1,2,3,4-TeCDD.......................................... 50 70-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,7-PeCDD........................................ 50 70-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,6-PeCDF........................................ 50 70-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,6,9-HxCDF...................................... 50 70-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,6,8,9-HpCDF.................................... 50 70-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Spike Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-1,2,7,8-TeCDF.......................................... 100 70-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,6,8-HxCDD...................................... 100 70-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-extraction Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,3,7,8-TeCDD.......................................... 100 20-130
13C12-2,3,7,8-TeCDF.......................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD........................................ 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF........................................ 100 20-130
13C12-2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF........................................ 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD...................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD...................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD...................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF...................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF...................................... 100 20-130
13C12-2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF...................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF...................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD.................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF.................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF.................................... 100 20-130
13C12-OCDD................................................... 200 20-130
13C12-OCDF................................................... 200 20-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-analysis Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-1,3,6,8-TeCDD.......................................... 100 S/N>=10
13C12-1,2,3,4-TeCDF.......................................... 100 S/N>=10
13C12-1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCDD...................................... 100 S/N>=10
13C12-1,2,3,4,6,7,9-HpCDD.................................... 100 S/N>=10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternate Recovery Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-1,3,7,8-TeCDD.......................................... 100 20-130
13C12-1,2,4,7,8-PeCDD........................................ 100 20-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Changes in the amounts of spike standards added to the sample or its representative extract will necessitate
an adjustment of the calibration solutions to prevent the introduction of inconsistencies. Spike concentration
assumes 1[mu]L sample injection volume for analysis.
b Spike levels assume half of the extract will be archived before cleanup. Spike levels may be adjusted for
different split levels.
Table 23-8--Composition of the Sample Fortification and Recovery Standard Solutions for PAHs a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amount (pg/[mu]L of final Spike recovery
Compound extract) b (percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-sampling Adsorbent Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C6-Benzo[c]fluorene........................................ 100 70-130
13C12-Benzo[j]fluoranthene................................... 100 70-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Spike Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d10-Anthracene............................................... 100 70-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-extraction Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C6-Naphthalene............................................. 100 20-130
13C6-2-Methylnaphthalene..................................... 100 20-130
13C6-Acenaphthylene.......................................... 100 20-130
13C6-Acenaphthene............................................ 100 20-130
13C6-Fluorene................................................ 100 20-130
13C6-Phenanthrene............................................ 100 20-130
13C6-Anthracene.............................................. 100 20-130
13C6-Fluoranthene............................................ 100 20-130
13C3-Pyrene.................................................. 100 20-130
13C6-Benzo[a]anthracene...................................... 100 20-130
13C6-13Chrysene.............................................. 100 20-130
13C6-Benzo[b]fluoranthene.................................... 100 20-130
[[Page 2264]]
13C6-Benzo[k]fluoranthene.................................... 100 20-130
13C4-Benzo[e]pyrene.......................................... 100 20-130
13C4-Benzo[a]pyrene.......................................... 100 20-130
d12-Perylene................................................. 100 20-130
13C6-Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene.................................. 100 20-130
13C6-Dibenz[a,h]anthracene................................... 100 20-130
13C12-Benzo[g,h,i]perylene................................... 100 20-150
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-analysis Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d10-Acenaphthene............................................. 100 S/N>=10
d10-Pyrene................................................... 100 S/N>=10
d12-Benzo[e]pyrene........................................... 100 S/N>=10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Changes in the amounts of spike standards added to the sample or its representative extract will necessitate
an adjustment of the calibration solutions to prevent the introduction of inconsistencies.
b Spike levels assume half of the extract will be archived before cleanup. You may adjust spike levels for
different split levels.
Table 23-9--Composition of the Sample Fortification and Recovery Standard Solutions for PCBs \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amount (pg/[micro]L of final Spike recovery
Compound BZ No.\b\ extract) \c\ (percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-sampling Adsorbent Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-3,3'-DiCB..................... 11L 100 70-130
13C12-2,4',5-TrCB................... 31L 100 70-130
13C12-2,2',3,5',6-PeCB.............. 95L 100 70-130
13C12-2,2',4,4',5,5'-HxCB........... 153L 100 70-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Spike Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,3,3',4,5,5'-HxCB............ 159L 100 70-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-extraction Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2-MoCB (WDC).................. 1L 100 20-145
13C12-4-MoCB (WDC).................. 3L 100 20-145
13C12-2,2'-DiCB (WDC)............... 4L 100 20-145
13C12-4,4'-DiCB (WDC)............... 15L 100 20-145
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB (WDC)............. 19L 100 20-145
13C12-3,4',4'-TrCB (WDC)............ 37L 100 20-145
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB (WDC).......... 54L 100 20-145
13C12-3,3',4,4'-TeCB (WDC) (WHOT) 77L 100 20-145
(NOAAT).
13C12-3,4,4',5-TeCB (WHOT).......... 81L 100 20-145
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB (WDC)........ 104L 100 20-145
13C12-2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB (WHOT)....... 105L 100 20-145
13C12-2,3,4,4',5-PeCB (WHO)......... 114L 100 20-145
13C12-2,3',4,4',5-PeCB (WHOT)....... 118L 100 20-145
13C12-2',3,4,4',5-PeCB (WHOT)....... 123L 100 20-145
13C12-3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (WDC) (WHOT). 126L 100 20-145
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB (WDC)..... 155L 100 20-145
13C12-2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (WHOT)..... 156L 100 20-145
13C12-2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB (WHOT).... 157L 100 20-145
13C12-2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (WHOT).... 167L 100 20-145
13C12-3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (WDC) 169L 100 20-145
(WHOT) (NOAAT).
13C12-2,2',3,3',4,4',5'-HpCB (NOAAT) 170L 100 20-145
13C12-2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-HpCB (NOAAT). 180L 100 20-145
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB (WDC)... 188L 100 20-145
13C12-2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB (WDC) 189L 100 20-145
(WHOT).
13C12-2,2',3',3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB 202L 100 20-145
(WDC).
13C12-2,3',3',4,4',5,5',6-OcCB (WDC) 205L 100 20-145
13C12-2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-NoCB 206L 100 20-145
(WDC).
13C12-2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6,6'-NoCB 208L 100 20-145
(WDC).
13C12-DeCB (WDC).................... 209L 100 20-145
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-analysis Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,5-DiCB...................... 9L 100 S/N>=10
13C12-2,2',5,5'-TeCB (NOAAT)........ 52L 100 S/N>=10
[[Page 2265]]
13C12-2,2',4,5,5'-PeCBl (NOAAT)..... 101L 100 S/N>=10
13C12-2,2',3,4,4',5'-HxCB (NOAAT)... 138L 100 S/N>=10
13C12-2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5'-OcCB...... 194L 100 S/N>=10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optional Cleanup Spiking Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2-MoCB (NOAAT)................ 28L 100 20-130
13C12-2,2',4,5,5'-PeCB.............. 111L 100 20-130
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB...... 178L 100 20-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternate Recovery Standards
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\C12-2,3',4',5-TeCB.............. 70L 100 20-130
13C12-2,3,4,4'-TeCB................. 60L 100 20-130
13C12-3,3',4,5,5'-PeCB.............. 127L 100 20-130
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Changes in the amounts of spike standards added to the sample or its representative extract will necessitate
an adjustment of the calibration solutions to prevent the introduction of inconsistencies.
\b\ BZ No.: Ballschmiter and Zell 1980, or IUPAC number.
\c\ Spike levels assume half of the extract will be archived before cleanup. Spike levels may be adjusted for
different split levels.
Table 23-10--Sample Storage Conditions a and Laboratory Hold Times b
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample type PCDD/PCDF PAH PCB
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field Storage and Shipping Conditions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All Field Samples............... <=20 5 <=20 5 <=20 5 [deg]C, (68
[deg]C, (68 9 [deg]F).
minus> 9 [deg]F). minus> 9 [deg]F).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Laboratory Storage Conditions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sampling Train Rinses and <=6 [deg]C (43 <=6 [deg]C (43 <=6 [deg]C (43 [deg]F).
Filters. [deg]F). [deg]F).
Adsorbent....................... <=6 [deg]C (43 <=6 [deg]C (43 <=6 [deg]C (43 [deg]F).
[deg]F). [deg]F).
Extract and Archive............. <-10 [deg]C (14 <-10 [deg]C (14 <-10 [deg]C (14 [deg]F).
[deg]F). [deg]F).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Laboratory Hold Times
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Extract and Archive............. One year........... 45 Days............ One year.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ All samples must be stored in the dark.
\b\ Hold times begin from the time the laboratory receives the samples.
Table 23-11--Composition of the Initial Calibration Standard Solutions for PCDDs and PCDFs a
[pg/[micro]L]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cal 1 Cal 7
Standard compound (optional) Cal 2 Cal 3 Cal 4 Cal 5 Cal 6 (optional)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Target (Unlabeled) Analytes.................................. 0.50 1.0 5.0 10.0 25 50 100
Pre-sampling Adsorbent Standards............................. 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Standards..................... 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Pre-extraction Standards..................................... 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Pre-analysis Standards....................................... 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Alternate Recovery Standards................................. 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Assumes 1 [micro]L injection volume.
Table 23-12--Composition of the Initial Calibration Standard Solutions for PAHs a
[pg/[mu]L]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cal 1 Cal 7
Standard compound (optional) Cal 2 Cal 3 Cal 4 Cal 5 Cal 6 (optional)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Target (Unlabeled) Analytes.................................. 1 2 4 20 80 400 1,000
Pre-sampling Adsorbent Standards............................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Standards..................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Pre-extraction Standards..................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Pre-analysis Standards....................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Assumes 1 [micro]L injection volume.
[[Page 2266]]
Table 23-13--Composition of the Initial Calibration Standard Solutions for PCBs a
[pg/[mu]L]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cal 1 Cal 7
Standard compound (optional) Cal 2 Cal 3 Cal 4 Cal 5 Cal 6 (optional)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Target (Unlabeled) Analytes.................................. 0.50 1 5 10 50 400 2,000
Pre-sampling Adsorbent Standard(s)........................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Standards..................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Pre-extraction Standards..................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Pre-analysis Standards....................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Alternate Standards.......................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Assumes 1 [micro]L injection volume.
Table 23-14--Minimum Requirements for Initial and Daily Calibration Response Factors for Isotopically Labeled
and Native Compounds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relative response factors
-------------------------------------------------
Analyte group Daily and continuing
Initial calibration calibration (percent
RSD difference)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Native (Unlabeled) Analytes................................... 10 25
Pre-sampling Adsorbent Standard(s)............................ 20 25
Pre-extraction Filter Recovery Standards...................... 20 25
Pre-extraction Standards...................................... 20 30
Pre-analysis Standards........................................ 20 30
Alternative Recovery Standards................................ 20 30
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 23-15--Recommended Ion Type and Acceptable Ion Abundance Ratios
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Control limits
No. of chlorine atoms Ion type Theoretical ---------------- Upper
ratio Lower
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.................................... M/M+2 3.13 2.66 3.60
2.................................... M/M+2 1.56 1.33 1.79
3.................................... M/M+2 1.04 0.88 1.20
4.................................... M/M+2 0.77 0.65 0.89
5.................................... M+2/M+4 1.55 1.32 1.78
6.................................... M+2/M+4 1.24 1.05 1.43
6 \a\................................ M/M+2 0.51 0.43 0.59
7.................................... M+2/M+4 1.05 0.89 1.21
7 \b\................................ M/M+2 0.44 0.37 0.51
8.................................... M+2/M+4 0.89 0.76 1.02
9.................................... M+2/M+4 0.77 0.65 0.89
10................................... M+4/M+6 1.16 0.99 1.33
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Used only for 13C-HxCDF.
\b\ Used only for 13C-HpCDF.
Table 23-16--Typical DB5-MS Column Conditions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analyte
Column parameter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PCDD/PCDF PAH PCB
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Injector temperature............. 250 [deg]C............... 320 [deg]C.............. 270 [deg]C.
Initial oven temperature......... 100 [deg]C............... 100 [deg]C.............. 100 [deg]C.
Initial hold time (minutes)...... 2........................ 2....................... 2.
Temperature program.............. 100 to 190 [deg]C at 40 100 to 300 [deg]C at 100 to 150 [deg]C at 15
[deg]C/min, then 190 to 8[deg]C/min. [deg]C/min, then 150 to
300 [deg]C at 3[deg]C/ 290 [deg]C at 2.5
min. [deg]C/min.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 23-17--Assignment of Pre-extraction Standards for Quantitation of Target PCBs b
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PCB congener BZ No. \a\ Labeled analog BZ No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,4'-DiCB (NOAAT).................. 8 13C12-2,2'-DiCB........... 4L
2,2',5-TrCB (NOAAT)................ 18 13C12-2,2',6-TrCB......... 19L
2,4,4'-TrCB (NOAAT)................ 28 13C12-2,2',6-TrCB......... 19L
2,2',3,5'-TeCB (NOAAT)............. 52 13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB...... 54L
[[Page 2267]]
2,2',5,5'-TeCB (NOAAT)............. 52 13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB...... 54L
2,3',4,4'-TeCB (NOAAT)............. 66 13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB...... 54L
3,3',4,4'-TeCB (NOAAT) (WHOT)...... 77 13C12-3,3',4,4'-TeCB...... 77L
3,4,4',5-TeCB (WHOT)............... 81 13C12-3,4,4'',5-TeCB...... 81L
2,2',4,5,5'-PeCB (NOAAT)........... 101 13C12-2,2',4,5,5'-PeCB.... 104L
2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB (NOAAT) (WHOT).... 105 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB.... 105L
2,3,4,4',5-PeCB (WHOT)............. 114 13C12-2,3,4,4',5-PeCB..... 114L
2,3',4,4',5-PeCB (WHOT)............ 118 13C12-2,3',4,4',5-PeCB.... 118L
2',3,4,4',5-PeCB (WHOT)............ 123 13C12-2',3,4,4',5-PeCB.... 123L
3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (NOAAT) (WHOT).... 126 13C12-3,3',4,4',5-PeCB.... 126L
2,2',3,3',4,4'-HxCB (NOAAT)........ 128 13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB. 155L
2,2',3,4,4',5'-HxCB (NOAAT)........ 138 13C12-2,2', 4,4',6,6'-HxCB 155L
2,2',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (NOAAT)........ 153 13C12-2,2', 4,4',6,6'-HxCB 155L
2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (WHOT).......... 156 13C12-2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB.. 156L
2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB (WHOT)......... 157 13C12-2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB. 157L
2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (WHOT)......... 167 13C12-2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB. 167L
3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (NOAAT) (WHOT). 169 13C12-3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB. 169L
2,2',3,3',4,4',5-HpCB (NOAA)....... 170 13C12-2,2',3,3',4,4',5'- 170L
HpCB.
2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-HpCB (NOAAT)...... 180 13C12-2,2',3,4,4',5,5'- 180L
HpCB.
2,2',3,4',5,5',6-HpCB (NOAAT)...... 187 13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- 188L
HpCB.
2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB (WHOT)....... 189 13C12-2,3,3',4,4',5,5'- 189L
HpCB.
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6-OcCB (NOAAT).... 195 13C12-2,2' 3,3',5,5',6,6'- 202L
OcCB.
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-NoCB (NOAAT). 206 13C12- 206L
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-
NoCB.
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-DeCB 209 13C12-DeCB................ 209L
(NOAAT).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ BZ No.: Ballschmiter and Zell 1980, or IUPAC number.
\b\ Assignments assume the use of the SPB-Octyl column. In the event you choose another column, you may select
the labeled standard having the same number of chlorine substituents and the closest retention time to the
target analyte in question as the labeled standard to use for quantitation.
Table 23-18--Estimated Method Detection Limits for PCDDs and PCDFs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
MDL \a\ (ng/ TEQ-DL (ng/
Target sample) sample)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total OCDD...................... 1.75E-01 5.00E-05
Total OCDF...................... 5.38E-02 1.51E-05
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD............. 2.36E-02 2.16E-04
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF............. 4.88E-02 4.82E-04
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD............... 9.26E-03 8.50E-04
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF............... 6.60E-02 6.48E-03
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF............. 2.46E-02 2.40E-04
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD............... 1.06E-02 9.86E-04
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF............... 7.72E-03 7.06E-04
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD................. 3.52E-02 3.46E-02
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF................. 1.46E-02 4.20E-04
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD............... 2.70E-02 2.60E-03
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF............... 6.24E-03 5.54E-04
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF............... 1.88E-02 1.82E-03
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF................. 1.29E-02 3.70E-03
2,3,7,8-TeCDD................... 2.70E-02 2.68E-02
2,3,7,8-TeCDF................... 1.80E-02 1.75E-03
Mean DL..................... 2.34E-02 5.48E-03
Sum of DL................... 2.90E-01 4.11E-02
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Detection Limits are based on a survey of laboratories MDL data from
Information Collection Requests from the Industrial Boiler and Utility
MACT rulemaking process. MDL assumes half of the sample was archived
before concentration.
Table 23-19--Target Detection Limits for PAHs a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Target MDL (ng/sample)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naphthalene......................................... 110.5
2-Methylnaphthalene................................. 36.3
Acenaphthylene...................................... 31.4
Acenaphthene........................................ 11.3
Fluorene............................................ 12.8
Phenanthrene........................................ 19.9
Anthracene.......................................... 11.8
Fluoranthene........................................ 9.0
Pyrene.............................................. 7.6
Benzo[a]anthracene.................................. 6.2
[[Page 2268]]
Chrysene............................................ 6.2
Benzo[b]fluoranthene................................ 7.8
Benzo[k]fluoranthene................................ 6.4
Benzo[e]pyrene...................................... 3.3
Benzo[a]pyrene...................................... 15.9
Perylene............................................ 28.3
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene.............................. 7.2
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene............................... 6.8
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene................................ 6.8
Mean DL......................................... 23
Sum of DL....................................... 435
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Detection limits are based on a survey of laboratories MDL data from
Information Collection Requests form the Coke Oven and Electric Power
Generating unit MACT rulemaking process.
Table 23-20--Estimated Method Detection Limits for PCBs a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Target
detection
Target BZ No. limit (pg/
sample)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,4'-DiCB............................... 8 30
2,2',5-TrCB............................. 18 32
2,4,4'-TrCB............................. 28 44
2,2',3,5'-TeCB.......................... 44 80
2,2',5,5'-TeCB.......................... 52 30
2,3',4,4'-TeCB.......................... 66 34
3,3',4,4'-TeCB.......................... 77 28
3,4,4',5-TeCB........................... 81 36
2,2',4,5,5'-PeCB........................ 101 94
2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB........................ 105 34
2,3,4,4',5-PeCB......................... 114 30
2,3',4,4',5-PeCB........................ 118 60
2',3,4,4',5-PeCB........................ 123 34
3,3',4,4',5-PeCB........................ 126 32
2,2',3,3',4,4'-HxCB..................... 128 58
2,2',3,4,4',5'-HxCB..................... 138 72
2,2',4,4',5,5'-HxCB..................... 153 60
2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB...................... 156 46
2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB..................... 157 46
2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB..................... 167 26
3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB..................... 169 30
2,2',3,3',4,4',5-HpCB................... 170 24
2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-HpCB................... 180 60
2,2',3,4',5,5',6-HpCB................... 187 34
2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB................... 189 26
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6-OcCB................. 195 44
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-NoCB.............. 206 32
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-DeCB........... 209 32
Mean DL............................. .............. 42
Sum of DL........................... .............. 1,188
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Detection Limits are based on information from EPA Method 1668C,
assuming half of the sample extract is archived before concentration.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
[[Page 2269]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP14JA20.011
[[Page 2270]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP14JA20.012
[[Page 2271]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP14JA20.013
[[Page 2272]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP14JA20.014
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
[[Page 2273]]
Appendix A to Method 23
Complete List of 209 PCB Congeners and Their Isomers With Corresponding Isotope Dilution Quantitation Standards \a\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unlabeled target Pre-extraction Unlabeled target
Pre-extraction standard BZ \b\ No. analyte BZ \b\ No. standard BZ \b\ No. analyte BZ \b\ No.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MoCBs DiCBs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2-MoCB.................... 1L 2-MoCB............ 1 13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 2,2'-DiCB......... 4
13C12-2-MoCB.................... 1L 3-MoCB............ 2 13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 2,3-DiCB.......... 5
13C12-4-MoCB.................... 3L 4-MoCB............ 3 13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 2,3'-DiCB......... 6
13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 2,4-DiCB.......... 7
13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 2,4'-DiCB......... 8
13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 2,5-DiCB.......... 9
13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 2,6-DiCB.......... 10
13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 3,3'-DiCB......... 11
13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 3,4-DiCB.......... 12
13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 3,4'-DiCB......... 13
13C12-2,2'-DiCB... 4L 3,5-DiCB.......... 14
13C12-4,4'-DiCB... 15L 4,4'-DiCB......... 15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TrCBs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,2',3-TrCBTrCB... 16 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 2,4,4'-TrCB....... 28
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,2',4-TrCB....... 17 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 2,4,5-TrCB........ 29
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,2',5-TrCB....... 18 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 2,4,6-TrCB........ 30
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,2',6-TrCB....... 19 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 2,4',5-TrCB....... 31
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,3,3'-TrCB....... 20 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 2,4',6-TrCB....... 32
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,3,4-TrCB........ 21 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 2',3,4-TrCB....... 33
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,3,4'-TrCB....... 22 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 2',3,5-TrCB....... 34
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,3,5- TrCB....... 23 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 3,3',4-TrCB....... 35
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,3,6- TrCB....... 23 13C12-3,4,4'-TrCB. 19L 3,3',5-TrCB....... 36
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,3',4-TrCB....... 25 13C12-3,4',4'-TrCB 37L 3,4,4'-TrCB....... 37
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,3',5-TrCB....... 26 13C12-3,4',4'-TrCB 37L 3,4,5-TrCB........ 38
13C12-2,2',6-TrCB............... 19L 2,3',6-TrCB....... 27 13C12-3,4',4'-TrCB 37L 3,4',5-TrCB....... 39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TeCBs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',3,3'-TeCB.... 40 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3,4,5-TeCB...... 61
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',3,4-TeCB..... 41 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3,4,6-TeCB...... 62
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',3,4'-TeCB.... 42 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3,4',5-TeCB..... 63
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',3,5-TeCB..... 43 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3,4',6-TeCB..... 64
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',3,5'-TeCB.... 44 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3,5,6-TeCB...... 65
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',3,6-TeCB..... 45 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3',4,4'-TeCB.... 66
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',3,6'-TeCB.... 46 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3',4,5-TeCB..... 67
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',4,4'-TeCB.... 47 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3',4,5'-TeCB.... 68
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',4,5-TeCB..... 48 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3',4,6-TeCB..... 69
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',4,5'-TeCB.... 49 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3',4',5-TeCB.... 70
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',4,6-TeCB..... 50 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3',4',6-TeCB.... 71
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',4,6'-TeCB.... 51 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3',5,5'-TeCB.... 72
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',5,5'-TeCB.... 52 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,3',5',6-TeCB.... 73
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',5,6'-TeCB.... 53 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,4,4',5-TeCB..... 74
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,2',6,6'-TeCB.... 54 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2,4,4',6-TeCB..... 75
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,3,3',4'-TeCB.... 55 13C12-2,2',6,6'- 54L 2',3,4,5-TeCB..... 76
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,3,3',4'-TeCB.... 56 13C12-3,3',4,4'- 77L 3,3',4,4'-TeCB.... 77
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,3,3',5-TeCB..... 57 13C12-3,3',4,4'- 77L 3,3',4,5-TeCB..... 78
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,3,3',5'-TeCB.... 58 13C12-3,3',4,4'- 77L 3,3',4,5'-TeCB.... 79
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,3,3',6-TeCB..... 59 13C12-3,3',4,4'- 77L 3,3',5,5'-TeCB.... 80
TeCB.
13C12-2,2',6,6'-TeCB............ 54L 2,3,4,4'-TeCB..... 60 13C12-3,4,4',5- 81L 3,4,4',5-TeCB..... 81
TeCB.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PeCBs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,3',4-PeCB.. 82 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB.. 105
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,3',5-PeCB.. 83 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',4,5-PeCB... 106
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,3',6-PeCB.. 84 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',4',5-PeCB.. 107
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,4,4'-PeCB.. 85 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',4,5'-PeCB.. 108
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,4,5-PeCB... 86 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',4,6-PeCB... 109
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,4,5'-PeCB.. 87 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',4',6-PeCB.. 110
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,4,6-PeCB... 88 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',5,5'-PeCB.. 111
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,4,6'-PeCB.. 89 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',5,6-PeCB... 112
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,4',5-PeCB.. 90 13C12-2,3,3',4,4'- 105L 2,3,3',5',6-PeCB.. 113
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,4',6-PeCB.. 91 13C12-2,3,4,4',5- 114L 2,3,4,4',5-PeCB... 114
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,5,5'-PeCB.. 92 13C12-2,3,4,4',5- 114L 2,3,4,4',6-PeCB... 115
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,5,6-PeCB... 93 13C12-2,3,4,4',5- 114L 2,3,4,5,6-PeCB.... 116
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,5,6'-PeCB.. 94 13C12-2,3,4,4',5- 114L 2,3,4',5,6-PeCB... 117
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,5',6-PeCB.. 95 13C12-2,3',4,4',5- 118L 2,3',4,4',5-PeCB.. 118
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3,6,6'-PeCB.. 96 13C12-2,3',4,4',5- 118L 2,3',4,4',6-PeCB.. 119
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3',4,5-PeCB.. 97 13C12-2,3',4,4',5- 118L 2,3',4,5,5'-PeCB.. 120
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',3',4,6-PeCB.. 98 13C12-2,3',4,4',5- 118L 2,3',4,5,'6-PeCB.. 121
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',4,4',5-PeCB.. 99 13C12-2,3',4,4',5- 118L 2',3,3',4,5-PeCB.. 122
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',4,4',6-PeCB.. 100 13C12-2',3,4,4',5- 123L 2',3,4,4',5-PeCB.. 123
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',4,5,5'-PeCB.. 101 13C12-2',3,4,4',5- 123L 2',3,4,5,5'-PeCB.. 124
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',4,5,6'-PeCB.. 102 13C12-2',3,4,4',5- 123L 2',3,4,5,6'-PeCB.. 125
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',4,5,'6-PeCB.. 103 13C12-3,3',4,4',5- 126L 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB.. 126
PeCB.
13C12-2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.......... 104L 2,2',4,6,6'-PeCB.. 104 13C12-3,3',4,4',5- 126L 3,3',4,5,5'-PeCB.. 127
PeCB.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 2274]]
HxCBs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',4,4'- 128 13C12- 155L 2,2',3,4',5',6- 149
HxCB. 2,2',4,4',6,6'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',4,5-HxCB 129 13C12- 155L 2,2',3,4',6,6'- 150
2,2',4,4',6,6'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',4,5'- 130 13C12- 155L 2,2',3,5,5',6-HxCB 151
HxCB. 2,2',4,4',6,6'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',4,6-HxCB 131 13C12- 155L 2,2',3,5,6,6'-HxCB 152
2,2',4,4',6,6'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',4,6'- 132 13C12- 155L 2,2',4,4',5,5'- 153
HxCB. 2,2',4,4',6,6'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',5,5'- 133 13C12- 155L 2,2',4,4',5',6- 154
HxCB. 2,2',4,4',6,6'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',5,6-HxCB 134 13C12- 155L 2,2',4,4',6,6'- 155
2,2',4,4',6,6'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',5,6'- 135 13C12- 156L 2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB 156
HxCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,3',6,6'- 136 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',4,4',5'- 157
HxCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,4',5-HxCB 137 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',4,4',6-HxCB 158
2,3,3',4,4',5'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,4',5'- 138 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',4,5,5'-HxCB 158
HxCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,4',6-HxCB 139 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',4,5,6-HxCB. 160
2,3,3',4,4',5'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,4',6'- 140 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',4,5',6-HxCB 161
HxCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,5,5'-HxCB 141 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',4',5,5'- 162
2,3,3',4,4',5'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,5,6-HxCB. 142 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',4',5,6-HxCB 163
2,3,3',4,4',5'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,5,6'-HxCB 143 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',4',5',6- 164
2,3,3',4,4',5'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,5',6-HxCB 144 13C12- 157L 2,3,3',5,5',6-HxCB 165
2,3,3',4,4',5'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4,6,6'-HxCB 145 13C12- 157L 2,3,4,4',5,6-HxCB. 166
2,3,3',4,4',5'-
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4',5,5'- 146 13C12- 167L 2,3',4,4',5,5'- 167
HxCB. 2,3',4,4',5,5'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4',5,6-HxCB 147 13C12- 167L 2,3',4,4',5',6- 168
2,3',4,4',5,5'- HxCB.
HxCB.
13C12-2,2',4,4',6,6'-HxCB....... 155L 2,2',3,4',5,6'- 148 13C12- 169L 3,3',4,4',5,5'- 169
HxCB. 3,3',4,4',5,5'- HxCB.
HxCB.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HpCBs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',4,4',5- 170 13C12- 188L 2,2',3,4,4',5,6'- 182
HpCB. 2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',4,4',6- 171 13C12- 188L 2,2',3,4,4',5',6- 183
HpCB. 2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',4,5,5'- 172 13C12- 188L 2,2',3,4,4',5',6- 184
HpCB. 2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',4,5,6- 173 13C12- 188L 2,2',3,4,4',6,6'- 185
HpCB. 2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',4,5,6'- 174 13C12- 188L 2,2',3,4,5,5',6- 186
HpCB. 2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',4,5',6- 175 13C12- 188L 2,2',3,4',5,5',6- 187
HpCB. 2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',4,6,6'- 176 13C12- 188L 2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- 188
HpCB. 2,2',3,4',5,6,6'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',4',5,6- 177 13C12- 189L 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'- 189
HpCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',5,5',6- 178 13C12- 189L 2,3,3',4,4',5,6- 190
HpCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,3',5,6,6'- 179 13C12- 189L 2,3,3',4,4',5',6- 191
HpCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'- 180 13C12- 189L 2,3,3',4,5,5',6- 192
HpCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'- HpCB.
HpCB.
13C12-2,2',3,4',5,6,6'-HpCB..... 188L 2,2',3,4,4',5,6- 181 13C12- 189L 2,3,3',4',5,5',6- 193
HpCB. 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'- HpCB.
HpCB.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OcCBs NoCBs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5 194 13C12- 206L 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5 206
'-OcCB. 2,2',3,3',4,4',5, ',6-NoCB.
5',6-NoCB.
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6- 195 13C12- 206L 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6 207
OcCB. 2,2',3,3',4,4',5, ,6'-NoCB.
5',6-NoCB.
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,6 196 13C12- 208L 2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6 208
'-OcCB. 2,2',3,3',4,5,5', ,6'- NoCB.
6,6'-NoCB.
rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',4,4',6,6 197 DeCB
'-OcCB.
rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6- 198 13C12-DeCB........ 209L 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5 209
OcCB. ',6,6'-DeCB.
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6 199
'-OcCB.
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',4,5,6,6'- 200
OcCB.
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',4,5',6,6 201
'-OcCB.
13C12-2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-OcCB.. 202L 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6 202
'-OcCB.
13C12-2,3',3',4,4',5,5',6-OcCB.. 205L 2,2',3,4,4',5,5',6- 203
OcCB.
13C12-2,3',3',4,4',5,5',6-OcCB.. 205L 2,2',3,4,4',5,6,6'- 204
OcCB.
13C12-2,3',3',4,4',5,5',6-OcCB.. 205L 2,3,3',4,4',5,5',6- 205
OcCB.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Assignments assume the use of the SPB-Octyl column. In the event you choose another column, you may select the labeled standard having the same
number of chlorine substituents and the closest retention time to the target analyte in question as the labeled standard to use for quantitation.
\b\ BZ No.: Ballschmiter and Zell 1980, also referred to as IUPAC number.
[[Page 2275]]
Appendix B to Method 23
Preparation of XAD-2 Adsorbent Resin
1.0 Scope and Application
XAD-2[supreg] resin, as supplied by the original manufacturer, is
impregnated with a bicarbonate solution to inhibit microbial growth
during storage. Remove both the salt solution and any residual
extractable chemicals used in the polymerization process before use.
Prepare the resin by a series of water and organic extractions,
followed by careful drying.
2.0 Extraction
2.1 You may perform the extraction using a Soxhlet extractor or
other apparatus that generates resin meeting the requirements in
Section 13.14 of Method 23. Use an all-glass thimble containing an
extra-coarse frit for extraction of the resin. The frit is recessed 10-
15 mm above a crenellated ring at the bottom of the thimble to
facilitate drainage. Because the resin floats on methylene chloride,
carefully retain the resin in the extractor cup with a glass wool plug
and stainless-steel screen. This process involves sequential extraction
with the following recommended solvents in the listed order.
Water initial rinse: Place resin in a suitable container,
soak for approximately 5 min with Type II water, remove fine floating
resin particles and discard the water. Fill with Type II water a second
time, let stand overnight, remove fine floating resin particles and
discard the water.
Hot water: Extract with water for 8 hr.
Methyl alcohol: Extract for 22 hr.
Methylene chloride: Extract for 22 hr.
Toluene: Extract for 22 hr.
Toluene (fresh): Extract for 22 hr.
Note: You may store the resin in a sealed glass container filled
with toluene prior to the final toluene extraction. It may be
necessary to repeat the final toluene extractions to meet the
requirements in Section 13.14 of Method 23.
2.2 You may use alternative extraction procedures to clean large
batches of resin. Any size extractor may be constructed; the choice
depends on the needs of the sampling programs. The resin is held in a
glass or stainless-steel cylinder between a pair of coarse and fine
screens. Spacers placed under the bottom screen allow for even
distribution of clean solvent. Clean solvent is circulated through the
resin for extraction. A flow rate is maintained upward through the
resin to allow maximum solvent contact and prevent channeling.
2.2.1 Experience has shown that 1 mL/g of resin extracted is the
minimum necessary to extract and clean the resin. The aqueous rinse is
critical to the subsequent organic rinses and may be accomplished by
simply flushing the canister with about 1 liter of distilled water for
every 25 g of resin. A small pump may be useful for pumping the water
through the canister. You should perform the water extraction at the
rate of about 20 to 40 mL/min.
2.2.2 All materials of construction are glass, PTFE, or stainless
steel. Pumps, if used, should not contain extractable materials.
3.0 Drying
3.1 Dry the adsorbent of extraction solvent before use. This
section provides a recommended procedure to dry adsorbent that is wet
with solvent. However, you may use other procedures if the cleanliness
requirements in Sections 13.2 and 13.14 of Method 23 are met.
3.2 Drying Column. A simple column with suitable retainers, as
shown in Figure A-2, will hold all the XAD-2 from the extractor shown
in Figure A-1 or the Soxhlet extractor, with sufficient space for
drying the bed while generating a minimum backpressure in the column.
3.3 Drying Procedure: Dry the adsorbent using clean inert gas.
Liquid nitrogen from a standard commercial liquid nitrogen cylinder has
proven to be a reliable source of large volumes of gas free from
organic contaminants. You may use high-purity tank nitrogen to dry the
resin. However, you should pass the high-purity nitrogen through a bed
of activated charcoal approximately 150 mL in volume prior to entering
the drying apparatus.
3.3.1 Connect the gas vent of a liquid nitrogen cylinder or the
exit of the activated carbon scrubber to the column by a length of
precleaned copper tubing (e.g., 0.95 cm ID) coiled to pass through a
heat source. A convenient heat source is a water bath heated from a
steam line. The final nitrogen temperature should only be warm to the
touch and not over 40 [deg]C.
3.3.2 Allow the toluene to drain from the resin prior to placing
the resin in the drying apparatus.
3.3.3 Flow nitrogen through the drying apparatus at a rate that
does not fluidize or agitate the resin. Continue the nitrogen flow
until the residual solvent is removed.
Note: Experience has shown that about 500 g of resin may be
dried overnight by consuming a full 160-L cylinder of liquid
nitrogen.
4.0 Quality Control Procedures
4.1 Report quality control results for the batch. Re-extract the
batch if the residual extractable organics fail the criteria in Section
13.14 of Method 23.
4.2 Residual Toluene Quality Check. If adsorbent resin is cleaned
or recleaned by the laboratory, perform a quality control check for
residual toluene. The maximum acceptable concentration of toluene is
1000 [micro]g/g of adsorbent. If the adsorbent exceeds this level,
continue drying until the excess toluene is removed.
4.2.1 Extraction. Weigh 1.0 g sample of dried resin into a small
vial, add 3 mL of methylene chloride, cap the vial, and shake it well.
4.2.2 Analysis. Inject a 2-[micro]l sample of the extract into a
gas chromatograph operated to provide separation between the methylene
chloride extraction solvent and toluene.
4.2.2.1 Typical GC conditions to accomplish this performance
requirement include, but are not limited to:
Column: Sufficient to separate extraction solvents used to
verify adsorbent has been sufficiently dried (i.e., gas chromatographic
fused-silica capillary column coated with a slightly polar silicone).
Carrier Gas: Typically, helium at a rate appropriate for
the column selected. Other carrier gases are allowed if the performance
criteria in Method 23 are met.
Injection Port Temperature: 250 [deg]C.
Detector: Flame ionization detector or an MS installed on
a GC able to separate methylene chloride and toluene.
Oven Temperature Profile: Typically, 30 [deg]C for 4 min;
programmed to rise at 20 [deg]C/min until the oven reaches 250 [deg]C;
return to 30 [deg]C after 17 minutes. You may adjust the initial
temperature, hold time, program rate, and final temperature to ensure
separation of extraction solvent from toluene.
4.2.2.2 Compare the results of the analysis to the results from a
toluene calibration standard at a concentration of 0.22 [micro]l/mL (22
[micro]l/100 mL) of methylene chloride. This concentration corresponds
to maximum acceptable toluene concentration in the dry adsorbent of
1,000 [micro]g/g of adsorbent. If the adsorbent exceeds this level,
continue drying until the excess toluene is removed.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
[[Page 2276]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP14JA20.015
BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
PART 63--NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES
0
6. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
0
7. In Sec. 63.849, revise paragraphs (a)(13) and (a)(14) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.849 Test methods and procedures.
* * * * *
(a) * * *
(13) Method 23 of Appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 for the
measurement of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) where stack or duct
emissions are sampled; and
(14) Method 23 of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 and Method 14 or
Method 14A in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or an approved
alternative method for the concentration of PCB where emissions are
sampled from roof monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers.
* * * * *
0
8. In Sec. 63.1208, revise paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.1208 What are the test methods?
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) Dioxins and furans. (i) To determine compliance with the
emission standard for dioxins and furans, you must use:
(A) Method 0023A, Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-
Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans emissions from Stationary
Sources, EPA Publication SW-846 (incorporated by reference--see Sec.
63.14); or
(B) Method 23, provided in appendix A, part 60 of this chapter.
(ii) You must sample for a minimum of three hours, and you must
collect a minimum sample volume of 2.5 dscm;
(iii) You may assume that nondetects are present at zero
concentration.
* * * * *
0
9. In Sec. 63.1625, revise paragraph (b)(10) to read as follows:
[[Page 2277]]
Sec. 63.1625 What are the performance test and compliance
requirements for new, reconstructed, and existing facilities?
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(10) Method 23 of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 to determine PAH.
* * * * *
0
10. In table 3 to subpart AAAAAAA of part 63 revise the entry ``6.
Measuring the PAH emissions'' to read as follows:
Table 3 to Subpart AAAAAAA of Part 63--Test Methods
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For * * * You must use * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
6. Measuring the PAH emissions............ EPA test method 23.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
PART 266--STANDARDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC HAZARDOUS WASTES
AND SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
0
11. The authority citation for part 266 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 1006, 2002(a), 3001-3009, 3014, 3017,
6905, 6906, 6912, 6921, 6922, 6924-6927, 6934, and 6937.
0
12. In Sec. 266.104, revise paragraph (e)(1) to read as follows:
Sec. 266.104 Standards to control organic emissions.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) During the trial burn (for new facilities or an interim status
facility applying for a permit) or compliance test (for interim status
facilities), determine emission rates of the tetra-octa congeners of
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) using
Method 0023A, Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Emissions from Stationary Sources, EPA
Publication SW-826, as incorporated by reference in Sec. 266.11 of
this chapter or Method 23, provided in appendix A-7, part 60 of this
chapter.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2019-27842 Filed 1-13-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P